Nokea
The following syndromes are caused by chromosomal abnormalities:
- A. Cri-du-chat syndrome
- B. Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- C. Marfan's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turner's syndrome: Turner's syndrome is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart defects.
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All of the following are features of Behcet disease except
- A. Reduced T helper cell 1 activity
- B. Increased expression of HSP60
- C. Association with HLA-B51
- D. Vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Behcet disease is associated with increased T helper cell 1 activity
Pulmonary venous hypertension is a feature of
- A. Large ostium secundum defect with left to right shunt
- B. large ventricular septal defect with left to right shunt
- C. large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
- D. Tricuspid atresia with restrictive atrial septal defect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary venous hypertension is a feature of large ventricular septal defect with left to right shunt.
Whirlpool' sign in abdominal ultrasonogram is seen in
- A. Duodenal atresia
- B. Midgut volvulus
- C. Intussusception
- D. Anorectal malformation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 'whirlpool' sign on abdominal ultrasound is characteristic of midgut volvulus, indicating twisting of the intestines around the mesenteric vessels.
Indications for an exchange transfusion include:
- A. ABO incompatibility
- B. Acute chest syndrome
- C. Sepsis
- D. Polycythaemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exchange transfusion is indicated in conditions like ABO incompatibility to prevent severe hemolytic disease in newborns. Acute chest syndrome sepsis polycythaemia and sickle nephropathy are not typical indications for exchange transfusion.
In bronchopulmonary dysplasia:
- A. Lung compliance is increased
- B. Bronchial reactivity is increased
- C. Lung function typically improves with age
- D. Hyperinflation is an associated finding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperinflation is a common finding in bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to lung damage and the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.