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The HCP prescribes an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) medication to a client with CAD. Which should the nurse teach the client about this medication?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. This medication should be taken in the evening.
- C. Do not be concerned if muscle pain occurs.
- D. Check your cholesterol level daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Statins are most effective in the evening (B) due to cholesterol synthesis peaking at night. Food (A) enhances absorption, muscle pain (C) requires reporting, and daily checks (D) are unnecessary.
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The client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease is overweight, has smoked two (2) packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years, and sits behind a desk all day. What is the strongest factor in the development of atherosclerotic lesions?
- A. Being overweight.
- B. Sedentary lifestyle.
- C. High-fat, high-cholesterol diet.
- D. Smoking cigarettes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking (D) is the strongest risk factor for atherosclerosis, causing endothelial damage and plaque formation. Obesity (A), sedentary lifestyle (B), and diet (C) contribute but are less potent.
The nurse is teaching the client diagnosed with arterial occlusive disease. Which interventions should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. Wash legs and feet daily in warm water.
- B. Apply moisturizing cream to feet.
- C. Buy shoes in the morning hours only.
- D. Do not wear any type of knee stocking.
- E. Wear clean white cotton socks.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Washing feet (A), moisturizing (B), avoiding knee stockings (D), and cotton socks (E) prevent skin breakdown and promote circulation in PAD. Morning shoe buying (C) is incorrect; shoes should be bought in the afternoon when feet are larger.
Which of the following nursing interventions is most helpful in promoting venous circulation?
- A. Offer the client an analgesic for pain.
- B. Apply elastic compression stockings.
- C. Encourage complete bedrest for 48 hours.
- D. Teach the client to sit with legs dependent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elastic compression stockings promote venous return by applying graduated pressure, reducing edema and improving circulation.
Which medication should the nurse expect for a client with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation?
- A. Warfarin (Coumadin)
- B. Aspirin
- C. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- D. Furosemide (Lasix)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin prevents thromboembolism in clients with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation.
The nurse just received the a.m. shift report. Which client should the nurse assess first?
- A. The client diagnosed with coronary artery disease who has a BP of 170/100.
- B. The client diagnosed with DVT who is complaining of chest pain.
- C. The client diagnosed with pneumonia who has a pulse oximeter reading of 98%.
- D. The client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who has non-bloody diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain in DVT (B) suggests pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening emergency. Hypertension (A) is urgent but less immediate, SpO2 98% (C) is normal, and diarrhea (D) is non-emergent.