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The HCP prescribes glucosamine and chondroitin for a client diagnosed with OA. What is the scientific rationale for prescribing this medication?
- A. It will help decrease the inflammation in the joints.
- B. It improves tissue function and retards breakdown of cartilage.
- C. It is a potent medication which decreases the client's joint pain.
- D. It increases the production of synovial fluid in the joint.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucosamine and chondroitin support cartilage health, slowing OA progression. They have limited anti-inflammatory effects, are not potent analgesics, and do not increase synovial fluid.
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The nurse is analyzing the serum laboratory report for the client diagnosed with lung cancer that has metastasized to the pelvic bone. Which specific finding should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Elevated calcium
- B. Decreased hemoglobin
- C. Elevated creatinine (SCr)
- D. Elevated creatine kinase (CK)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Malignant tumors cause hypercalcemia through a variety of mechanisms, one being an increased release of calcium from the bones.
To prevent skin breakdown while the client is in Russell's traction, the nurse must frequently inspect the skin in which area?
- A. Over the ischial spines
- B. In the popliteal space
- C. Near the iliac crests
- D. At the zygomatic arch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Russell's traction involves a sling under the knee, placing pressure on the popliteal space, which is prone to skin breakdown due to prolonged contact and immobility. Frequent inspection here prevents pressure ulcers.
The client has Buck's traction to temporarily immobilize a fracture of the proximal femur prior to surgery. Which assessment finding requires the nurse to intervene immediately?
- A. Reddened area at the client's coccygeal area
- B. Voiding concentrated urine at 50 mL per hour
- C. Capillary refill 3 seconds, pedal pulses palpable
- D. Ropes, pulleys intact; 5-lb weight hangs freely
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. A reddened sacrum is the first sign of a pressure ulcer that is caused by pressure or friction and shear. Shear results from the weight of the skin traction pulling the client to the foot of the bed and then sliding back up in bed. Immediate interventions are required before it develops into a stage II ulcer.
The occupational health nurse is teaching a class on the risk factors for developing osteoarthritis (OA). Which is a modifiable risk factor for developing OA?
- A. Being overweight.
- B. Increasing age.
- C. Previous joint damage.
- D. Genetic susceptibility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excess weight increases joint stress, a modifiable risk for OA. Age, prior damage, and genetics are nonmodifiable.
When the nurse observes the client walking, which assessment finding indicates the need for more instruction regarding the use of the cane?
- A. The tip of the cane is covered with a rubber cap.
- B. The client wears athletic shoes with nonskid soles.
- C. The client uses the cane on the painful side.
- D. The client looks straight ahead when walking.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cane should be used on the unaffected side to support the painful hip, distributing weight appropriately. Using it on the painful side reduces its effectiveness, requiring further instruction.