Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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The health-care provider diagnosed a child with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The parents expressed their concern to you that their child's leg will be amputated. How should you respond?

  • A. It is too soon to determine if amputation is necessary.
  • B. No amputation is necessary because the child will make a full recovery once the disease runs its course.
  • C. The health-care provider is the best person to talk to you about amputation.
  • D. Not all children who have the disease require amputation.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease, is a condition where there is a temporary loss of blood supply to the hip, leading to the breakdown of the hip joint. While in severe cases amputation may be considered as a treatment option, it is important to reassure the parents that not all children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease require amputation. The course of treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual child's response to different therapies. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize that amputation is not the automatic outcome for all cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Encouraging the parents to discuss their concerns with the healthcare provider can provide more specific information and guidance tailored to their child's condition.

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A client diagnosed with DIC is ordered heparin. What is the reason for this medication?

  • A. Prevent clot formation
  • B. Increase clot formation
  • C. Increased blood flow to target organs
  • D. Decrease blood flow to target organs
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heparin is a medication commonly used to prevent clot formation in various clinical conditions, including Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). DIC is a serious condition characterized by abnormal blood clotting and bleeding throughout the body. Heparin works by inhibiting the formation of new clots and preventing the existing clots from further growing, thus helping to manage and prevent complications associated with DIC. By using heparin, the aim is to help stabilize the patient's clotting process and reduce the risk of severe complications such as organ damage or failure.

is softening of the bones as result of nutritional deficiencies or limited exposure to sunlight :

  • A. COXA
  • B. scoliosis
  • C. Rickets
  • D. Talipes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rickets is a condition that involves softening and weakening of the bones in children, usually due to a vitamin D deficiency, inadequate calcium intake, or lack of exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body is unable to properly mineralize the bones, leading to softening and deformities. Common symptoms of rickets include bowed legs, delayed growth, and muscle weakness. Treatment typically involves vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, and adequate exposure to sunlight.

Which food should be avoided by the patient on a low-sodium diet?

  • A. Apples
  • B. Chicken
  • C. Cheese
  • D. Broccoli
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cheese is high in sodium and should be avoided by patients on a low-sodium diet. It is a common source of hidden sodium in many diets. Other high-sodium foods that should be limited or avoided include processed meats, canned soups, processed snacks, and condiments. Patients should focus on eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean proteins like chicken (with no added salt), and whole grains to maintain a low-sodium diet.

ahmed 2 months old come to emergency department with epistaxis and prolong PTT, clotting and bleeding time , what you suspect ahmed have :

  • A. thalassemia
  • B. hemophilia
  • C. leukemia
  • D. sickle anemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ahmed is presenting with epistaxis (nosebleed) and prolonged PTT (partial thromboplastin time), clotting time, and bleeding time, which are indicative of a bleeding disorder. Given the symptoms and lab findings, hemophilia is the most likely cause. Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency or dysfunction of clotting factors, particularly Factor VIII (hemophilia A) or Factor IX (hemophilia B). Patients with hemophilia often present with spontaneous bleeding episodes, such as nosebleeds, bruising, and prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery. Thalassemia, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia are not associated with prolonged clotting times and bleeding presentations, making hemophilia the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their 1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?

  • A. Niacin
  • B. B
  • C. D
  • D. C
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be toxic in high doses, leading to hypercalcemia. Infants are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D toxicity because they have a lower ability to excrete excess vitamin D. Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and kidney problems. Therefore, it is important for parents to avoid giving high doses of vitamin D to infants and always follow healthcare provider recommendations for supplementation.

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