Autonomic Drugs Nursing Classifications

Autonomic Drugs Nursing Classifications Related

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The health care provider (HCP) prescribes exenatide (Byetta) for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who takes insulin. The nurse knows that which of the following is the appropriate intervention?

  • A. The medication is administered within 60 minutes before the morning and evening meal.
  • B. The medication is withheld and the HCP is called to question the prescription for the client.
  • C. The client is monitored for gastrointestinal side effects after administration of the medication.
  • D. The insulin is withdrawn from the Penlet into an insulin syringe to prepare for administration.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exenatide (Byetta) is an incretin mimetic used for type 2 diabetes mellitus only. It is not recommended for clients taking insulin. Hence, the nurse should hold the medication and question the HCP regarding this prescription. Although options 1 and 3 are correct statements about the medication, in this situation the medication should not be administered. The medication is packaged in prefilled pens ready for injection without the need for drawing it up into another syringe.

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Which of the following drug can cause hypoglycemia:

  • A. Acarbose
  • B. Glipizide
  • C. Metformin
  • D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glipizide, a sulfonylurea, can cause hypoglycemia by excessively stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.

The nursing instructor observes several nursing students administer medications to their assigned patients. The instructor would stop what student from administering the medication until the error was corrected?

  • A. The student checks the label on the medication against the administration record three times.
  • B. The student enters the patient's room and asks the patient Are you Mr. Jones?
  • C. The student checks the drug's brand name and generic name before taking it to the patient.
  • D. The student documents the medication upon exiting the patient's room
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asking 'Are you Mr. Jones?' risks misidentification; students must verify identity with two identifiers (e.g., wristband).

Sadie is a 72-year-old patient who takes omeprazole for her chronic GERD. Chronic long-term omeprazole use places her at increased risk for:

  • A. Megaloblastic anemia
  • B. Osteoporosis
  • C. Hypertension
  • D. Strokes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic PPI use like omeprazole reduces calcium absorption, increasing osteoporosis risk; anemia is less direct.

During which phase of pharmacokinetics could a significant drug-drug interaction occur, resulting in one drug stimulating or blocking the metabolism of the other drug?

  • A. Absorption
  • B. Distribution
  • C. Biotransformation
  • D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During biotransformation, a drug may be metabolized quicker if taken at the same time as another drug, and higher doses of the drug will be needed to achieve the desired effect. During absorption, one drug can prevent or accelerate absorption of the other drug. During distribution, one drug competes for the protein-binding site of another drug so the second drug cannot be transported to the reactive tissue. During excretion, one drug competes for excretion with the other drug, leading to accumulation and toxic effects of one of the drugs.

Which is the most important drug in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning?

  • A. Atropine sulfate
  • B. Pralidoxime
  • C. Diazepam
  • D. Adrenaline
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atropine sulfate is the most critical initial treatment for organophosphate poisoning, counteracting muscarinic effects like bronchorrhea and bradycardia, while pralidoxime regenerates cholinesterase later.

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