Nokea
The health care provider is planning to discontinue a patient’s beta blocker. Which instruction will the nurse give the patient regarding the beta blocker?
- A. The beta blocker should be abruptly stopped when another cardiac drug is prescribed.
- B. The beta blocker should not be abruptly stopped; the dose should be tapered down.
- C. The beta blocker dose should be maintained while taking another antianginal drug.
- D. Half the beta blocker dose should be taken for the next several weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because abruptly stopping a beta blocker can lead to rebound hypertension, angina, or arrhythmias due to sudden withdrawal of the medication. Tapering down the dose gradually allows the body to adjust and reduces the risk of adverse effects.
Choice A is incorrect because abruptly stopping a beta blocker can be harmful. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests maintaining the dose while taking another antianginal medication, which may not be necessary. Choice D is incorrect as halving the dose without proper guidance can lead to inadequate therapeutic effect or withdrawal symptoms.
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The nurse is reviewing the use of antitussive drugs. Antitussive drugs would be most appropriate for which patient?
- A. A patient who has pneumonia with a productive cough
- B. A patient who has a tracheostomy and thick mucus secretions
- C. A patient who has had a productive cough for 2 weeks
- D. A patient who has developed bronchitis 2 days after abdominal surgery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antitussive drugs are used to suppress coughing. In the case of a patient who has developed bronchitis 2 days after abdominal surgery, coughing can be painful and may strain the surgical site. Therefore, using antitussive drugs to reduce the coughing can help prevent complications and promote healing post-surgery.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Antitussive drugs are not appropriate for a patient with pneumonia and productive cough because coughing helps clear the airways of excess mucus.
B: Antitussive drugs are not suitable for a patient with a tracheostomy and thick mucus secretions as coughing helps clear the secretions and prevent infections.
C: Antitussive drugs are not indicated for a patient with a productive cough for 2 weeks as this may be a sign of an underlying condition that needs to be addressed rather than suppressed.
The following statements concerning aspirin are true, EXCEPT:
- A. In contrast to most other NSAIDs, aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX
- B. Aspirin interferes with the chemical mediators of the kallikrein system
- C. Aspirin inhibits phospholipase A2
- D. Aspirin inhibits tromboxane A2 formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C: Aspirin inhibits phospholipase A2. This statement is FALSE. Aspirin does not directly inhibit phospholipase A2. The correct answer is C.
Summary:
A: TRUE - Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX.
B: TRUE - Aspirin interferes with the chemical mediators of the kallikrein system.
D: TRUE - Aspirin inhibits thromboxane A2 formation.
Tick the antimycobacterial drug belonging to first-line agents:
- A. PAS
- B. Isoniazid
- C. Kanamycin
- D. Pyrazinamide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isoniazid. It is a first-line antimycobacterial drug used for treating tuberculosis. It targets the mycobacterial cell wall synthesis, specifically inhibiting mycolic acid production. This makes it effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PAS (A) is a second-line drug with a different mechanism. Kanamycin (C) is also a second-line drug used for drug-resistant TB. Pyrazinamide (D) is a first-line drug, but it works by a different mechanism compared to isoniazid.
Parenteral administration:
- A. Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
- B. Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
- C. Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
- D. Is too slow for emergency use
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parenteral administration usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration because the medication bypasses the digestive system and is directly absorbed into the bloodstream. This route includes injections, intravenous infusions, and intramuscular injections, allowing for quicker onset of action. Option A is incorrect as parenteral administration can be used in unconscious patients. Option B is incorrect as parenteral administration can provide more accurate dosages. Option D is incorrect as parenteral administration is actually preferred in emergency situations due to its rapid effects.
A 67-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congestive heart failure develops exacerbation of heart failure symptoms. Pathophysiology of this condition that relates to potential roles of drug therapy include which of the following?
- A. Peripheral nervous system activity
- B. Loss of cardiac myocytes
- C. Muscle hyperplasia
- D. Muscle inflammatory scar formation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of cardiac myocytes from infarction or chronic stress drives heart failure, targetable by drugs like ACE inhibitors or ß-blockers.