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The healthcare professional is developing a health education program for adolescents on the dangers of smoking. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?
- A. showing graphic images of the effects of smoking
- B. inviting former smokers to share their experiences
- C. providing statistical data on smoking-related illnesses
- D. distributing pamphlets on smoking cessation resources
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inviting former smokers to share their experiences is the most effective strategy because personal stories can have a powerful impact on adolescents and motivate them to avoid smoking. This approach makes the consequences of smoking more relatable and real, potentially influencing behavior change. Showing graphic images may be too harsh and could lead to desensitization or avoidance of the issue. Providing statistical data may not resonate as strongly with adolescents as personal stories. Distributing pamphlets, while informative, may not have the same emotional impact as hearing real-life experiences.
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The nurse is providing care for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?
- A. Serum sodium of 140 mEq/L.
- B. Serum potassium of 4.5 mEq/L.
- C. Serum osmolality of 280 mOsm/kg.
- D. Serum sodium of 130 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum sodium of 130 mEq/L. In SIADH, there is excess release of antidiuretic hormone leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. A serum sodium level of 130 mEq/L indicates severe hyponatremia, which can result in neurological symptoms, such as confusion, seizures, and coma. Therefore, immediate intervention is required to prevent further complications. Choice A, a serum sodium of 140 mEq/L, is within the normal range and does not require immediate intervention. Choice B, serum potassium of 4.5 mEq/L, is also within the normal range and is not directly related to SIADH. Choice C, serum osmolality of 280 mOsm/kg, is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the blood and may not be the most critical parameter to address in a client with SIADH and severe hyponatremia.
The healthcare provider is assessing a client with a suspected pulmonary embolism. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Chest pain.
- B. Shortness of breath.
- C. Tachycardia.
- D. Cyanosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyanosis is a late sign of hypoxemia and indicates severe oxygen deprivation, necessitating immediate intervention in a client with a suspected pulmonary embolism. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and tachycardia are also concerning symptoms in pulmonary embolism; however, cyanosis signifies critical oxygen deficiency and warrants urgent attention to prevent further complications.
The healthcare provider is assessing a client who has returned from hemodialysis. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Weight gain of 1 pound.
- B. Dizziness.
- C. Fatigue.
- D. Muscle cramps.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After hemodialysis, muscle cramps can indicate an electrolyte imbalance, such as low potassium or magnesium levels, which requires immediate intervention to prevent potential complications like cardiac arrhythmias. Weight gain of 1 pound, dizziness, and fatigue are common post-hemodialysis symptoms that may not necessarily require immediate intervention unless they are severe or persisting.
A public health nurse is addressing the issue of childhood lead poisoning in a low-income community. Which intervention should be prioritized?
- A. Providing free blood lead level testing for children
- B. Distributing pamphlets on the dangers of lead exposure
- C. Conducting home inspections for lead-based paint
- D. Educating parents about lead poisoning prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Providing free blood lead level testing for children should be prioritized as it directly identifies children who are at risk and in need of intervention. This intervention allows for early detection and timely implementation of necessary measures to prevent further lead exposure or address existing poisoning. Distributing pamphlets (choice B) may raise awareness but does not directly identify at-risk children. Conducting home inspections (choice C) is important but may not be as immediate and targeted as blood lead level testing. Educating parents (choice D) is essential but may not directly identify and address individual cases of lead poisoning as testing does.
The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the liver. Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?
- A. Serum albumin of 3.5 g/dL.
- B. Prothrombin time (PT) of 12 seconds.
- C. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL.
- D. Serum ammonia level of 180 mcg/dL.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the serum ammonia level of 180 mcg/dL. An elevated serum ammonia level indicates hepatic dysfunction and can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. Options A, B, and C are within normal ranges or slightly abnormal values for clients with cirrhosis and do not pose an immediate threat. Serum albumin levels may indicate malnutrition, prothrombin time may reflect liver synthetic function, and hemoglobin levels can be affected by various factors but do not require immediate intervention in this scenario.