Nokea
The healthcare professional is providing education on healthy eating habits to a group of adolescents. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?
- A. lecturing about the dangers of unhealthy eating
- B. distributing pamphlets on healthy food choices
- C. involving the adolescents in meal planning and preparation
- D. showing a documentary on the benefits of a healthy diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Involving adolescents in meal planning and preparation is a more effective strategy as it actively engages them in the learning process. This approach allows adolescents to have hands-on experience, make informed choices, and develop a sense of ownership over their dietary decisions. Lecturing about dangers or showing documentaries may not be as engaging or interactive, making it less likely for adolescents to retain and apply the information provided. Distributing pamphlets can be informative but lacks the interactive and experiential aspect that involving them in meal planning and preparation offers.
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A community health nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a recent smoking cessation program. Which outcome indicates success?
- A. increased attendance at support group meetings
- B. reduced number of cigarettes smoked per day
- C. higher sales of nicotine replacement products
- D. lower relapse rate among participants
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: lower relapse rate among participants. A lower relapse rate indicates that participants are successfully quitting smoking and maintaining their cessation, which is the ultimate goal of a smoking cessation program. Increased attendance at support group meetings (choice A) may demonstrate engagement but does not necessarily indicate successful smoking cessation. Similarly, higher sales of nicotine replacement products (choice C) may reflect increased product usage but not necessarily successful smoking cessation. While reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day (choice B) is a positive change, it does not guarantee successful smoking cessation or long-term abstinence.
The nurse identifies a client's needs and formulates the nursing problem of 'Imbalance nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to mental impairment and decreased intake, as evidenced by increasing confusion and weight loss of more than 30 pounds over the last 6 months.' Which short-term goal is best for this client?
- A. Eat 50% of six small meals each day by the end of the week.
- B. Gain 5 pounds by the end of the month.
- C. Have increased caloric intake.
- D. Show improved nutritional status.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct short-term goal for the client in this scenario is option A: 'Eat 50% of six small meals each day by the end of the week.' This goal is specific, measurable, and time-bound, which aligns with the SMART criteria for goal setting in nursing care. It addresses the client's nutritional needs directly, focusing on increasing meal frequency to meet body requirements and counteract weight loss. Option B, 'Gain 5 pounds by the end of the month,' is not as suitable as it lacks specificity and a short-term timeline, making it less achievable within the immediate care plan. Option C, 'Have increased caloric intake,' is vague and does not provide a measurable target for the client to work towards. Option D, 'Show improved nutritional status,' is a broad goal that lacks the specificity needed for effective short-term goal setting in nursing care. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice for this client's short-term goal.
When visiting a community health clinic, a client's blood pressure is measured at 146/94. What information should the nurse provide the client?
- A. Participate in an exercise program for 6 weeks
- B. Obtain blood pressure daily for 2 weeks
- C. Increase dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids
- D. Begin a low sodium diet immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to begin a low sodium diet immediately. High sodium intake can contribute to elevated blood pressure levels. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be effectively lowered. Option A, participating in an exercise program, is beneficial for overall health but may not provide immediate impact on blood pressure. Option B, obtaining blood pressure daily for 2 weeks, may not address the underlying cause or provide immediate intervention. Option C, increasing dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, though beneficial for heart health, may not have an immediate impact on lowering blood pressure compared to reducing sodium intake.
To prepare a presentation on the greatest health concern facing the city, how should the health nurse begin collecting data?
- A. Review morbidity data for the city's population compiled by the Bureau of Vital Statistics
- B. Conduct a random telephone survey to determine the public's perception about health problems
- C. Survey major hospitals in the area to determine the most common reasons for admissions
- D. Call American Medical Association members to determine the most frequently treated diagnoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to review morbidity data for the city's population compiled by the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Morbidity data provides detailed and accurate information on the health issues prevalent in the city's population. This data is essential as it reflects actual health conditions rather than perceptions or specific hospital data. Conducting a telephone survey (choice B) may provide subjective opinions rather than objective data. Surveying hospitals (choice C) may only capture data on hospitalized cases and may not represent the entire population. Contacting American Medical Association members (choice D) may provide insights into medical treatments but may not reflect the overall health concerns of the city's population.
The nurse is documenting the medical history of a young adult who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client smokes 2 packs of cigarettes a day, and his father died of a heart attack at the age of 45. Which annual screening is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. peripheral neuropathy
- B. renal insufficiency
- C. retinopathy
- D. hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most important annual screening for the nurse to include is hyperlipidemia. Given the client's smoking history, family history of premature heart disease, and the increased risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes, screening for hyperlipidemia is crucial. This screening is essential in assessing the client's risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which is a significant concern in this case. Peripheral neuropathy (choice A) is a common long-term complication of diabetes but may not be the most immediate concern in this scenario. Renal insufficiency (choice B) is also a complication of diabetes, but given the client's high cardiovascular risk, hyperlipidemia screening takes priority. Retinopathy (choice C) is an important complication of diabetes affecting the eyes, but in this case, focusing on cardiovascular risk assessment through hyperlipidemia screening is more critical.