HESI Fundamentals Practice Questions

HESI Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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The healthcare provider is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which laboratory value should be monitored closely to assess for complications?

  • A. Serum sodium
  • B. Serum calcium
  • C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
  • D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blood glucose. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for clients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to the high glucose content in TPN solutions. TPN delivers essential nutrients, including glucose, directly into the bloodstream. Clients on TPN are at risk of developing hyperglycemia due to the concentrated glucose infusion. Therefore, close monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary to detect and prevent hyperglycemia-related complications such as osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolarity, and electrolyte imbalances. While serum sodium, serum calcium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are important parameters in various clinical scenarios, they are not specifically associated with TPN administration. These values are not the primary indicators to assess for complications in clients receiving TPN.

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To evaluate a client's understanding of self-administering insulin within the psychomotor domain of learning, what action should the instructor take?

  • A. Have the client demonstrate the procedure.
  • B. Explain the procedure again.
  • C. Ask the client to describe the procedure.
  • D. Observe the client watching a video on the procedure.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Having the client demonstrate the procedure is the most appropriate action to evaluate understanding within the psychomotor domain of learning. This allows the instructor to assess the client's ability to perform the skill, which is a key aspect of this domain. Choice B, explaining the procedure again, focuses on the cognitive domain rather than the psychomotor domain. Choice C, asking the client to describe the procedure, pertains more to the verbal or cognitive domain of learning. Choice D, observing the client watching a video on the procedure, does not directly assess the client's ability to perform the skill in the psychomotor domain.

Postoperatively, signs of hemorrhagic shock are observed. The nurse notifies the surgeon, who instructs to continue monitoring vitals every 15 minutes and report back in one hour. What should the nurse do next?

  • A. Notify the nurse manager
  • B. Continue monitoring as instructed
  • C. Administer IV fluids as per protocol
  • D. Prepare for immediate transfer to the ICU
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to continue monitoring the patient as instructed. This is crucial to assess the patient's condition and response to initial interventions. Administering IV fluids or preparing for transfer to the ICU should only be done based on further assessment or explicit orders from the healthcare provider. Notifying the nurse manager, as suggested in choice A, without further assessment or intervention could delay immediate patient care and management.

Which toy is most appropriate for an 18-month-old child?

  • A. A pull toy
  • B. A puzzle with large pieces
  • C. A book with large pictures
  • D. A doll with small clothes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A pull toy is the most appropriate choice for an 18-month-old child. At this age, children are developing their motor skills and coordination, and a pull toy can help with these aspects by encouraging movement and coordination. Puzzle with large pieces (Choice B) may pose a choking hazard for a child of this age due to small parts. While a book with large pictures (Choice C) can be engaging and beneficial for language development, a pull toy is more suitable for promoting physical development in an 18-month-old. A doll with small clothes (Choice D) is not ideal for this age group as small parts can be a choking hazard.

When reviewing EBP about the administration of O2 therapy, what is the recommended maximum flow rate for regulating O2 via nasal cannula?

  • A. Regulate O2 via nasal cannula no more than 6L
  • B. Regulate O2 via nasal cannula no more than 2L
  • C. Regulate O2 via nasal cannula no more than 4L
  • D. Regulate O2 via nasal cannula no more than 8L
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to regulate O2 via nasal cannula no more than 6L. This flow rate is generally recommended to ensure adequate oxygen delivery without causing discomfort or potential harm to the patient. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest flow rates that are either too low (2L, 4L) or too high (8L). A flow rate of 2L might not provide sufficient oxygen, while 4L could be inadequate for some patients. On the other hand, a flow rate of 8L could be excessive and potentially harmful, leading to complications like oxygen toxicity. Therefore, the optimal recommendation is to regulate O2 via nasal cannula at a maximum of 6L to balance effectiveness and safety.

When assessing a client with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the right hand are blue. What action should the nurse implement first?

  • A. Loosen the right wrist restraint.
  • B. Apply a pulse oximeter to the right hand.
  • C. Compare hand color bilaterally.
  • D. Palpate the right radial pulse.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action to take first when observing blue fingers in a client with wrist restraints is to loosen the right wrist restraint. Blue fingers indicate compromised circulation, and loosening the restraint can help restore blood flow to the area. Applying a pulse oximeter (Choice B) or palpating the right radial pulse (Choice D) may be necessary following the loosening of the restraint to assess the client's oxygen saturation and pulse. Comparing hand color bilaterally (Choice C) is important but not the immediate action needed when a circulation issue is noted in one hand.

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