Nokea
The history of a child newly diagnosed with ADHD reveals that the child is experiencing sleeping difficulties. Which agent would the nurse most likely use?
- A. Methylphenidate
- B. Atomoxetine
- C. Bupropion
- D. Clonidine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, is often used to manage sleep difficulties in children with ADHD, as it has sedative effects. Methylphenidate (option A) and atomoxetine (option B) are stimulants or non-stimulants for ADHD symptoms but may worsen sleep. Bupropion (option C) is an antidepressant and not typically used for ADHD-related sleep issues.
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The nurse is counseling a family whose 4-year-old child has mild mental retardation. The nurse is working with the family on realistic long-term goals. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
- A. Locating suitable residential placement for the child
- B. Finding a foster home for the child
- C. Achieving independent functioning of the child as an adult
- D. Preventing the onset of psychiatric disorders in the child
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a child with mild mental retardation, realistic long-term goals focus on maximizing independence to the extent possible. Mild mental retardation typically allows individuals to achieve some level of independent functioning as adults, such as living in supported environments or performing simple jobs with guidance. Options A and B (residential placement or foster home) are premature and not necessarily appropriate for mild cases, as they imply more severe disability. Option D is less feasible, as psychiatric disorders may not be preventable due to the complexity of mental health conditions.
A 12-year-old child is brought to the mental health clinic by his parents because of a court-ordered evaluation. When assessing the child, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the child has a conduct disorder? Select all that apply.
- A. Destruction of neighbor?s car on two separate occasions
- B. Arrests for petty larceny several times
- C. Repetitive disobedience of parents
- D. Blaming of others for problems
- E. Evidence of overt lying
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Conduct disorder involves persistent patterns of behavior that violate societal norms or others? rights. Destruction of property (A), petty larceny (B), disobedience (C), blaming others (D), and lying (E) are all indicative of conduct disorder, as they reflect aggression, deceit, and rule-breaking.
A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- B. Psychostimulant
- C. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor
- D. Alpha agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels to improve attention and impulse control. Option A (SSRI) is for depression, option C (noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor) describes drugs like atomoxetine, and option D (alpha agonist) includes drugs like clonidine.
A nurse is providing parent training for parents of a child diagnosed with a disruptive behavior disorder involving the use of time out. When describing how to implement this, which of the following would the nurse identify as the first step?
- A. Having the child recount the reason for the time out
- B. Clearly identifying what is required for the child
- C. Informing the child what will happen because of the behavior
- D. Placing the child in a designated area removed from others
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step in implementing time out is to clearly identify the expected behavior (option B), as this sets the foundation for the child to understand what actions lead to consequences. Options A, C, and D follow later in the process.
The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which of the following would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Connection to ineffective parental practices
- B. Detection after the child enters school
- C. Onset before child is 2.5 years old
- D. Girls are more frequently affected than boys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that typically appear before the age of 3, often by 2.5 years, including challenges in social interaction and communication. Option A is incorrect, as autism is not caused by parenting practices but is neurodevelopmental. Option B is misleading, as detection often occurs before school age. Option D is false, as boys are more frequently affected than girls.