NCLEX Questions on Neurological Disorders Quizlet

NCLEX Questions on Neurological Disorders Quizlet Related

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The home-care nurse is counseling the client who has MS. The client is experiencing weakness, ataxia, intermittent adductor spasms of the hips, and occasional incontinence from loss of bladder sensation. Which self-care measures should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

  • A. “Adductor spasms can be relieved by taking a hot bath.”
  • B. “If a muscle is in spasm, stretch and hold it, and then relax.”
  • C. “Rest first and then walk as able using a walker for support.”
  • D. “When walking, keep feet close together, legs slightly bent.”
  • E. “Set an alarm to remind you to void 30 minutes after fluid intake.”
Correct Answer: B,C,E

Rationale: Hot baths should be avoided; increasing the body temperature can exacerbate symptoms. Burns can occur with sensory loss associated with MS. A stretch—hold—relax routine is often helpful for relaxing the muscle and treating muscle spasms. Walking will help improve the gait, strengthen weakened muscles, and help relieve spasticity in the legs. If a muscle group is irreversibly affected by MS, other muscles can learn to compensate. A walker should be used for safety to help prevent falling. Widening the base of support increases walking stability, especially if ataxia (incoordination) is present; if feet are close together it increases the risk for a fall. Drinking fluids and then using an alarm to void 30 minutes later may be helpful in reducing incontinence from loss of bladder sensation.

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The client diagnosed with a brain tumor has a diminished gag response and weakness on the left side of the body. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

  • A. Make the client NPO until seen by the health-care provider.
  • B. Position the client in low Fowler’s position for all meals.
  • C. Place the client on a mechanically ground diet.
  • D. Teach the client to direct food and fluid toward the right side.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A diminished gag reflex increases aspiration risk, so making the client NPO (A) is safest until swallowing is evaluated. Low Fowler’s (B) increases aspiration risk, a ground diet (C) is premature, and directing food (D) requires intact swallowing.

The client diagnosed with PD is being discharged on carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet), an antiparkinsonian drug. Which statement is the scientific rationale for combining these medications?

  • A. There will be fewer side effects with this combination than with carbidopa alone.
  • B. Dopamine D requires the presence of both of these medications to work.
  • C. Carbidopa makes more levodopa available to the brain.
  • D. Carbidopa crosses the blood-brain barrier to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Carbidopa inhibits peripheral breakdown of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to cross the blood-brain barrier and convert to dopamine (C). This enhances efficacy and reduces side effects. Other options are incorrect.

The client has glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) paralysis secondary to a stroke. Which referral would be most appropriate for this client?

  • A. Hospice nurse.
  • B. Speech therapist.
  • C. Physical therapist.
  • D. Occupational therapist.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glossopharyngeal nerve paralysis affects swallowing and speech. A speech therapist (B) is most appropriate to address these deficits. Hospice (A) is for end-of-life care, physical therapy (C) focuses on mobility, and occupational therapy (D) addresses daily activities.

When preparing the client for an EEG, which nursing action is most appropriate?

  • A. Administer a sedative 1 hour before the test.
  • B. Withhold food and water after midnight on the day of the test.
  • C. Assist with shampooing the client's hair.
  • D. Take the client's blood pressure while lying and sitting.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Shampooing the client's hair ensures a clean scalp, improving electrode contact for an accurate EEG.

Which assessment finding indicates a potential spinal shock in a client with a spinal cord injury?

  • A. Flaccid paralysis below the injury
  • B. Spastic movements in lower limbs
  • C. Intact sensation below the injury
  • D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spinal shock is characterized by flaccid paralysis and loss of reflexes below the injury level immediately after a spinal cord injury.

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