Nokea
The incidence and risk of cancer increase when smoking is combined with:
- A. Asbestos exposure and alcohol consumption.
- B. Ultraviolet radiation exposure and alcohol consumption.
- C. Asbestos exposure and ultraviolet radiation exposure.
- D. Alcohol consumption and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking combined with asbestos exposure and alcohol consumption significantly increases cancer risk, particularly for lung and head/neck cancers, due to synergistic carcinogenic effects.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client is scheduled for a renal ultrasound. The nurse explains that:
- A. Contrast dye is used.
- B. No preparation is needed.
- C. Fasting is required.
- D. A sedative is given.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal ultrasound is non-invasive and requires no special preparation.
A client with Raynaud's phenomenon is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem). An expected outcome is:
- A. Decreased heart rate
- B. A return to normal sinus rhythm
- C. Reduced episodes of finger numbness
- D. Increased SpO2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, reduces vasospasm in Raynaud's by promoting vasodilation, decreasing episodes of finger numbness. It may lower heart rate or affect rhythm, but these are not primary goals, and SpO2 is not directly improved.
A 45-year-old single mother of three teenaged boys has metastatic breast cancer. Her parents live 750 miles away and have only been able to visit twice since her initial diagnosis 14 months ago. The progression of her disease has forced the client to consider high-dose chemotherapy. She is concerned about the children's welfare during the treatment. When assessing the client's present support systems, the nurse will be most concerned about the potential problems with:
- A. Denial as a primary coping mechanism.
- B. Support systems and coping strategies.
- C. Decision-making abilities.
- D. Transportation and money for the boys.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Limited support systems and coping strategies are a major concern, as the client's isolation and responsibility for her children may hinder her ability to manage treatment and emotional stress.
The nurse is preparing to teach a client with microcytic hypochromic anemia about the diet to follow after discharge. Which of the following foods should be included in the diet?
- A. Eggs.
- B. Lettuce.
- C. Citrus fruits.
- D. Cheese.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Microcytic hypochromic anemia is often caused by iron deficiency. Eggs are a good source of dietary iron, particularly heme iron, which is well-absorbed by the body. Lettuce and citrus fruits do not provide significant iron, though citrus fruits can enhance iron absorption when consumed with iron-rich foods. Cheese is not a significant source of iron. Therefore, eggs should be included in the diet.
A client with cirrhosis begins to develop ascites. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed to treat the ascites. The nurse should monitor the client closely for which of the following drug-related adverse effects?
- A. Constipation.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Irregular pulse.
- D. Dysuria.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so hyperkalemia (B) is a key adverse effect. Constipation (A), irregular pulse (C), and dysuria (D) are not typical.