Nokea
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) has a predictable relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). A JVP of >12 mm Hg predicted PAWP >22 mm Hg by 88% in which of the following trials?
- A. BNP
- B. ESCAPE
- C. EVEREST
- D. EMPA REG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ESCAPE trial studied the effectiveness of therapies in patients with advanced heart failure and showed that elevated JVP was correlated with high pulmonary artery wedge pressures.
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What are FOUR typical cath findings consistent with biatrial enlargement?
- A. Prominent y-descent
- B. Square root sign
- C. RVSp >55mmHg
- D. RVEDp/RVSp <1/3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These cath findings are indicative of biatrial enlargement, typically observed in certain heart conditions affecting the atrial chambers.
Which of the following is an example of humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody?
- A. Infliximab
- B. Adalimumab
- C. Tocilizumab
- D. Anakinra
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 receptor, used in treating inflammatory conditions.
List THREE indications for intervention for aortopathy in Marfan’s syndrome in an older teenager.
- A. Aortic root or ascending aorta dilation >44-50mm
- B. Symptomatic (pain consistent with rupture)
- C. Growth of >0.5cm/y
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are significant indicators that require surgical intervention to prevent further complications, such as rupture or dissection.
The patient experiences a headache and is unable to move the left side of his body. The most likely cause is
- A. embolic stroke
- B. cerebral thrombosis
- C. cerebral abscess
- D. moyamoya disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Embolic stroke is a common complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Osler nodes
- B. Janeway lesions
- C. Subcutaneous nodules
- D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osler nodes are red, painful, intradermal nodes found on pads of the phalanges in bacterial endocarditis. Janeway lesions are painless hemorrhagic areas on palms and soles in bacterial endocarditis. Subcutaneous odules are nontender swellings, located over bony prominences, commonly found in rheumatic fever. Aschoff nodules are small nodules composed of cells and leukocytes found in the interstitial tissues of the heart in rheumatic myocarditis