Nokea
The kidneys filter waste products from cellular metabolism out of the blood and excrete it in the urine. Which of the following are the three most important waste products to be filtered?
- A. Urea, sodium, and potassium
- B. Creatinine, sodium, and uric acid
- C. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid
- D. Uric acid, sodium, and potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urea, creatinine, and uric acid are the primary waste products filtered by the kidneys from the blood.
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The urethra is a tube that, in males, is surrounded by prostate tissue. When the prostate enlarges, it encroaches on the urethra and narrows it. When catheterizing a male patient with an enlarged prostate, you may encounter resistance. How should you respond to this situation?
- A. Remove the catheter immediately and call the health-care provider.
- B. Continue to try to advance the catheter. If bleeding occurs, leave the catheter in place and call the health-care provider.
- C. Gently twist the catheter to try to pass the tip past the area of prostate enlargement.
- D. Remove the catheter and try a larger size.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gently twisting the catheter can help navigate past the obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate.
Symptoms of UTI include dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, low abdominal pain, and incontinence.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are common UTI symptoms due to bladder irritation and inflammation.
Which independent nursing measure would you implement?
- A. Encourage fluid intake
- B. Perform a bladder scan
- C. Administer a diuretic
- D. Insert a new catheter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing a bladder scan is an independent nursing action to assess for urinary retention in a patient with low voiding volumes.
You gather the following assessment data: bladder is distended, patient is complaining of lower abdominal discomfort, urinary output has totaled 150 mL in 6 hours after the catheter was discontinued, and the patient is voiding frequently in very small amounts. You decide to notify the physician. What order will you expect to receive?
- A. Order for catheterization
- B. Order for antibiotics
- C. Order for increased IV fluids
- D. Order for a diuretic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms and low output suggest urinary retention, likely requiring catheterization to relieve the distended bladder.
Neuropathic incontinence
- A. Incontinence related to inability to get to the bathroom
- B. The brain does not receive a message that the bladder is full
- C. Incontinence related to bladder spasms and contractions
- D. The bladder does not empty because of an obstruction
- E. Incontinence related to weak pelvic floor muscles
- F. Loss of urine with no warning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neuropathic incontinence occurs when nerve damage prevents the brain from receiving signals that the bladder is full.