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The limbic system includes the:
- A. amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
- B. hypothalamus, medulla, hippocampus
- C. hippocampus, pons, thalamus
- D. cerebellum, pons, hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system is a group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. It includes the amygdala, which processes fear and emotional responses; the hypothalamus, which regulates hormones and homeostasis; and the hippocampus, which is essential for forming and retrieving memories. These structures work together to integrate emotional and cognitive processes, playing a key role in behavior and survival.
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In counseling patients with spinal cord lesions regarding sexual function, how should the nurse advise a male patient with a complete lower motor neuron lesion?
- A. He is most likely to have reflexogenic erections and may experience orgasm if ejaculation occurs
- B. He may have uncontrolled reflex erections but orgasm and ejaculation are usually not possible
- C. He has a lesion with the greatest possibility of successful psychogenic erection with ejaculation and orgasm
- D. He will probably be unable to have either psychogenic or reflexogenic erections and no ejaculation or orgasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in uncontrolled reflex erections.
A client is admitted to the floor with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following teaching points does the nurse stress to the client with SLE?
- A. Apply ice as instructed
- B. Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet radiation
- C. Use assistive devices appropriately
- D. Change dressing as prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sunlight can exacerbate lupus symptoms.
The cutaneous innervation of the ear
- A. Is the lesser auricular nerve
- B. Involves the dermatome of C3
- C. Includes the zygomaticotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve
- D. Includes the vagus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve (X) provides sensory innervation to the external auditory meatus and part of the ear. This is important in diagnosing referred pain from the ear.
Which of the following findings would indicate a change in a patient's mental status?
- A. Sudden onset of confusion or disorientation.
- B. Steady gait and normal speech.
- C. Clear and coherent communication.
- D. Stable vital signs and regular breathing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sudden onset of confusion or disorientation is a key indicator of a change in mental status. Steady gait, clear communication, and stable vital signs are normal findings.
Which motor symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
- A. blue discoloration
- B. red discoloration
- C. tremor
- D. severe edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tremor, particularly a resting tremor, is a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease. It often begins in the hands and can progress to other parts of the body as the disease advances.