Nokea
The local community health nurse is teaching a course to nursing students on anthrax. It would be correct for the nurse to inform the students that anthrax is spread by? Select all that apply.
- A. mosquito bites.
- B. breathing in bacterial spores.
- C. sexual contact with an infected individual.
- D. ingestion of contaminated animal products.
- E. through an open wound or scratch on the skin.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Anthrax is spread by inhaling spores, ingesting contaminated animal products, or through cutaneous exposure via open wounds.
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Which of the following clients, receiving normal saline via IV infusion, is at the highest risk for bloodstream infections?
- A. A client who has a midline IV catheter in the left antecubital fossa.
- B. A client with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line in the right upper arm.
- C. A client with an implanted port in the right subclavian vein.
- D. A client who has a non-tunneled central line in the left internal jugular vein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Non-tunneled central lines, such as those in the internal jugular vein, carry the highest risk of bloodstream infections due to their direct access to central circulation and external exposure.
The nurse has attended a staff education program about caring for clients with acute osteomyelitis. Which of the following statements by the nurse would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. IV antibiotic therapy is typically given for seven to fourteen days.
- B. The most common cause of acute osteomyelitis is a virus.
- C. A significant fever is typically greater than 101°F (38.3°C).
- D. Petechiae on the affected extremity is a common finding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fever greater than 101°F is a common finding in acute osteomyelitis due to the inflammatory response.
A client is admitted to the hospital with suspected osteomyelitis in the right foot. Which of the following nursing interventions should be the priority for this client?
- A. Administering analgesics as needed for pain relief
- B. Applying ice packs to the affected foot
- C. Initiating intravenous antibiotic therapy as prescribed
- D. Assisting with range of motion exercises for the unaffected limbs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intravenous antibiotics are the priority in osteomyelitis to address the underlying infection and prevent further bone damage.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with hepatitis A. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You will need to take daily showers or baths with chlorhexidine.
- B. It is important to clean common surfaces with warm soapy water.
- C. You will need to have repeat stool testing to determine if you are still infectious.
- D. Check with your primary healthcare provider prior to taking any medications.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients with hepatitis A should consult their healthcare provider before taking medications due to potential liver toxicity risks.
The nurse has instructed a client newly diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following statements by the client would indicate effective understanding? This disease is caused by a retrovirus leading to?
- A. encapsulation of CD4+ T-cells.
- B. inflammation of the CD4+ T-cells.
- C. abnormal proliferation of CD4+ T-cells.
- D. viral integration into the CD4+ T-cells.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV, a retrovirus, integrates its genetic material into CD4+ T-cells, leading to immune dysfunction.