Nokea
The loop of Henle pumps sodium ions from the ascending arm to the descending. What is this called?
- A. Counter current subtractor
- B. Counter current divider
- C. Counter current concentrator
- D. Counter current multiplier
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle concentrates urine by moving sodium ions.
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If the sphincter at the top of the stomach is not working properly what do we suffer from?
- A. Heart burn
- B. Constipation
- C. Heart attack
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux, causing heartburn. Constipation, heart attacks, and diarrhea are unrelated to this sphincter.
Match each term with the correct description: waste liquid containing water, salts, and wastes
- A. urethra
- B. urinary system
- C. bladder
- D. urine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urine is the waste liquid containing water, salts, and metabolic wastes.
A client with an elevated amylase level asks the nurse about the altered value. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that amylase:
- A. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for carbohydrate digestion
- B. Plays no significant role in physiological processes
- C. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for fat digestion
- D. Is an enzyme from the pancreas that is the major component of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase, produced by the pancreas, digests carbohydrates into sugars.
Peyer's patches produce-
- A. Enterokinase
- B. Lymphocyte
- C. Mucous
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peyer's patches in the small intestine produce lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system.
Cardiac glands of stomach, all true except:
- A. Present in the narrow band 10-40 mm wide around the esophageal orifice
- B. Lined by secreting cells that secrete mucous and few lysozymes
- C. Few parietal cells for HCL secretion and some enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin.
- D. Pits are relatively deep, occupying one half of the thickness of the mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac gland pits are shallow, not deep, occupying less than half the mucosal thickness, unlike fundic glands.