Nokea
The male client is self-medicating with the H-2 antagonist cimetidine (Tagamet). Which complication can occur while taking this medication?
- A. Melena.
- B. Gynecomastia.
- C. Pyrosis.
- D. Eructation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cimetidine can cause gynecomastia due to antiandrogen effects, especially in males. Melena, pyrosis, or eructation are unrelated.
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A 17-year-old client has been recently diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus Type 1. Insulin is prescribed. The client asks why insulin can't be taken by mouth. What is the best answer for the nurse to give?
- A. Insulin is irritating to the stomach.
- B. Oral insulin is too rapidly absorbed.
- C. Gastric juices destroy insulin.
- D. You can take it by mouth when the acute phase is over.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin is a protein destroyed by gastric enzymes, requiring injection for effective delivery.
The client is complaining of nausea, and the nurse administers the antiemetic promethazine (Phenergan), IVP. Which intervention has priority for this client after administering this medication?
- A. Instruct the client to call the nurse before getting out of bed.
- B. Evaluate the effectiveness of the medication.
- C. Assess the client's abdomen and bowel sounds.
- D. Tell the client not to eat or drink for at least one (1) hour.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Promethazine causes sedation and orthostatic hypotension; instructing to call before ambulating prevents falls, the priority post-IVP.
A client is receiving dexamethasone (Decadron) therapy. What should the nurse plan to monitor in this client?
- A. Urine output every 4 hours
- B. Blood glucose levels every 12 hours
- C. Neurological signs every 2 hours
- D. Oxygen saturation every 8 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The drug Decadron increases gluconeogenesis. This may lead to hyperglycemia. Therefore the blood sugar level and acetone production must be monitored.
The client with type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with gout and prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim). Which instruction should the nurse discuss when teaching about this medication?
- A. The client will probably develop a red rash on the body.
- B. The client should drink two (2) to three (3) liters of water a day.
- C. The client should take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. The client will need to increase oral diabetic medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allopurinol increases uric acid excretion, risking kidney stones; 2–3 L water daily prevents this. Rash is possible but not probable, stomach timing is flexible, and diabetes meds are unaffected.
The client has the following arterial blood gases: pH 7.19, Paco2 33, Pao2 95, and HCO3 19. Which medication would the nurse prepare to administer based on the results?
- A. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
- B. Oxygen via nasal cannula.
- C. Epinephrine intravenous push.
- D. Magnesium hydroxide orally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3) requires sodium bicarbonate to correct pH. Oxygen, epinephrine, or antacids are inappropriate.