Nokea
The most appropriate first-line treatment for status epilepticus in a child is:
- A. Diazepam
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Carbamazepine
- D. Valproate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diazepam is commonly used as the first-line treatment in managing status epilepticus due to its fast-acting, long-lasting anticonvulsant effects.
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During a well baby examination of a 6-week-old infant, poor weight gain, acrocyanosis of the hands and feet, and a respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute are noted. Oxygen saturation on room air is 93%. What is the correct action?
- A. Follow-up in 1 week to assess the infant's weight.
- B. Order a chest radiograph and an electrocardiogram.
- C. Reassure the parents that the exam is within normal limits.
- D. Refer the infant to a pediatric cardiologist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infants with oxygen saturation less than 95% and those with poor feeding should be referred emergently to a cardiologist.
Which of the following is a vasodilator?
- A. Thromboxane A2
- B. Endothelin
- C. Prostaglandin E2
- D. Urotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandin E2 is a vasodilator.
The Duke criterion for the diagnosis of endocarditis is a major
- A. new regurgitant flow by echocardiography
- B. Osler nodes
- C. single positive blood culture
- D. serologic evidence of infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A single positive blood culture is one of the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.
In the electrocardiogram of a 40-year old male, the QRS amplitude in lead I and aVF measured (+) 10 and (-)10mV respectively. The frontal QRS axis is
- A. (+) 15°
- B. (-) 45°
- C. (-) 75°
- D. (-) 90°
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal QRS axis is (-) 45° given the QRS amplitudes in leads I and aVF.
Causes of a discrete osteolytic bone lesion in a two-year-old include:
- A. Rickets
- B. Non-accidental injury
- C. Eosinophilic granuloma
- D. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eosinophilic granuloma is a benign bone lesion that can present with osteolytic lesions, typically seen in children as part of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.