Nokea
The most common buffer system in the body is the:
- A. Plasma protein buffer system
- B. Phosphate buffer system
- C. Hemoglobin buffer system
- D. Bicarbonate-carbonic system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common buffer system in the body is the bicarbonate-carbonic system. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance in the blood. The bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) acts as a weak base, while carbonic acid (H2CO3) acts as a weak acid. The balance between these two components helps to regulate the pH of the blood.
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all of the following may be present in child with cretinism except:
- A. prolonged jaundice
- B. umbilical hernia
- C. wet skin
- D. feeding problem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cretinism is a condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism. Common features of cretinism include umbilical hernia, wet skin, and feeding problems. Prolonged jaundice is not typically associated with cretinism. Jaundice is more commonly seen in conditions such as neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia.
A pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following imbalances should the nurse check for?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels) should be checked for in a pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias because magnesium plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac function and blood pressure regulation. It can worsen both hypertension and dysrhythmias if deficient. Hypomagnesemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, particularly in the setting of existing cardiovascular conditions. Monitoring and addressing magnesium levels is important in managing these conditions and ensuring maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy. Checking for hypomagnesemia allows for timely intervention and correction to help prevent any complications.
Gender identity disorder (GID) is characterized by intense and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s own sex. In early school-age children, the manifestation that is LEAST likely considered as GID is
- A. dressing as a member of the opposite sex (i.e., cross dressing)
- B. strong belief that one is the opposite sex
- C. exclusive preference for cross sex roles
- D. playing with toys designed for the opposite sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with toys designed for the opposite sex does not necessarily indicate GID, as it is a common exploratory behavior in childhood.
Which manifestation is more specific to occur in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) than other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
- A. primary bone marrow involvement
- B. intestinal involvement
- C. CNS involvement
- D. primary mediastinal involvement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary mediastinal involvement is a hallmark feature of ALCL.
Nearly all cervical carcinomas contain human papillomavirus (HPV). Which of the following types is never associated with such malignancy?
- A. type6
- B. type 16
- C. type 18
- D. type 31
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HPV type 6 is typically associated with low-grade lesions and genital warts, not cervical carcinoma.