Nokea
The MOST common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is
- A. obesity
- B. allergies
- C. adenotonsillar hypertrophy
- D. pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.
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A 15-month-old toddler was able to do all the following EXCEPT
- A. walks alone
- B. makes tower of 3 cubes
- C. inserts raisin in a bottle
- D. responds to his/her name
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Responding to name usually occurs earlier, around 6-9 months.
When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which information?
- A. A child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours.
- B. The principal area of involvement is the joints.
- C. Aspirin is contraindicated.
- D. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects children. The therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes the administration of gamma globulin and aspirin. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or gamma globulin is given as a single dose to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities, while aspirin is used for its anti-inflammatory effects. It is important to note that aspirin should not be given to children with viral infections due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Therefore, option D is the correct choice in this case.
Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. age of 2-3 year
- B. signs of inflammation or infection
- C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
- D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.
the vital sign that the nurse should most certainly check before administering digoxin is:
- A. pulse rate
- B. temperature
- C. blood pressure
- D. respiratory rate 99- coarctation of the aorta reflects which of the statements?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before administering digoxin, it is crucial for the nurse to check the patient's pulse rate. Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure by increasing the strength and efficiency of the heart's contractions. However, digoxin can also cause adverse effects such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block. Therefore, it is important to assess the patient's pulse rate to ensure that it is within the safe range before administering digoxin.
Which of the following is information the nurse would be correct in giving the patient about smoking and its effect on BP?
- A. It is associated with stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
- B. It does not affect BP regulation.
- C. It vasodilates the peripheral blood vessels.
- D. It causes sustained BP elevation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for hypertension. Chronic smoking leads to sustained elevation in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and promoting the formation of plaques in the arteries. This can contribute to the development of hypertension over time. Therefore, the nurse would be correct in informing the patient that smoking causes sustained elevation in blood pressure.