Nokea
The MOST common cyanotic congenital cardiac lesion to present in the newborn period is
- A. dextroposed heart
- B. transposition of great arteries
- C. tetralogy of Fallot
- D. truncus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transposition of the great arteries is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect presenting in the neonatal period.
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The Norwood procedure is used to correct:
- A. Transposition of the great vessels
- B. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- C. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- D. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Norwood procedure is specifically performed for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
The following cardiac lesions are at increased risk for bacterial endocarditis EXCEPT
- A. mitral insufficiency
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. atrial septal defect seccundum
- D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ASD seccundum is generally not considered a high-risk lesion for bacterial endocarditis.
An 8-year-old child is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than _____ beats/min.
- A. 60
- B. 70
- C. 90
- D. 100
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a 1-minute apical pulse is less than 70 beats/min for an older child, the digoxin is withheld; 60 beats/min is the cut-off for holding the digoxin dose in an adult. A pulse below 90 to 110 beats/min is the determination for not giving a digoxin dose to infants and young children.
For the child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, which medication may be given to keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open until surgery can be done?
- A. Prostaglandin E
- B. Indomethicin
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prostaglandin E is used to keep the PDA open in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, allowing for adequate blood flow until surgical intervention can be performed.
What is the most likely congenital heart lesion in a newborn with Trisomy 21?
- A. AVSD
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Ventricular septal defect
- D. Pulmonary stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is highly associated with Trisomy 21 and is the most likely congenital heart lesion in these infants.