Nokea
The MOST common early long-term complication for those patients who underwent repair of complete atrioventricular canal before the development of pulmonary vascular disease is
- A. left AV valve regurgitation
- B. subaortic stenosis
- C. residual ventricular level shunts
- D. complete heart block
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left AV valve regurgitation is a common complication after complete atrioventricular canal repair.
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Ice applied to the face has been ineffective in the patient. The treatment of choice is
- A. adenosine
- B. verapamil
- C. digoxin
- D. lidocaine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adenosine is the first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia.
A child diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) is receiving maintenance doses of digoxin and furosemide. She is rubbing her eyes when looking at the lights in the room, and her HR is 70 beats per minute. The nurse expects which laboratory finding?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hypocalcemia
- D. Hypophosphatemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The child's eye rubbing may indicate seeing halos (a sign of digoxin toxicity), and the slow HR supports this. Furosemide can cause hypokalemia, increasing the risk for digoxin toxicity.
A 4-year-old child has had fever, malaise, and vomiting and right-sided abdominal pain for 48 hours. The following are likely diagnoses:
- A. Acute pyelonephritis
- B. Shigella dysentery
- C. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation, if the child is living in the tropics
- D. Right sided tumour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is a common cause of fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain in children. Shigella dysentery typically causes diarrhea, and Ascaris infestation is rare in non-tropical regions. A right-sided tumour is unlikely without other signs.
After a hospitalization for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), a client develops pontine myelinolysis. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Reorient client to his room
- B. Place a patch on one eye
- C. Evaluate client's ability to swallow
- D. Perform range of motion exercises
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reorienting the client helps in managing confusion and disorientation, which are common in pontine myelinolysis.
Which of the following drugs have no mortality benefit?
- A. Nitrates
- B. Beta-blockers
- C. Trimetazidine
- D. RAAS blockers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trimetazidine is used as an adjunct therapy in ischemic heart disease but does not have a proven mortality benefit, unlike RAAS blockers, beta-blockers, and nitrates.