Nokea
The most common treatment for Helicobacter pylori is a triple therapy, interpreted as
- A. 2 antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor for 7-14 days
- B. 3 different antibiotics for 7-20 days
- C. 3 rounds of the same antibiotic over 3 weeks
- D. 2 proton pump inhibitors and 1 antibiotic for 7-14 days
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triple therapy for H. pylori typically includes 2 antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor for 7-14 days.
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Which immunization reduces a patient’s risk for infection with the virus that causes painful localized blistering rash?
- A. Smallpox vaccine
- B. Varicella vaccine (chicken pox)
- C. Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine
- D. Meningococcal vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Shingles vaccine reduces the risk of herpes zoster, which causes painful rash.
Which of the following is a typical sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Excessive urination
- B. Ketone bodies in the urine
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Slow heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis often results in the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, along with hyperglycemia.
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Decision-making capacity can be determined only by a psychiatrist.
- B. A diagnosis of dementia precludes competent decision making.
- C. Lack of decision-making capacity should not be presumed if the patient goes against medical advice.
- D. Expression of a choice is sufficient to indicate decision-making capacity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A patient's decision-making capacity cannot be assumed to be absent solely based on their refusal of medical advice.
Joyce Mitchell is a 73-year-old frail female with a history of frequent falls, presenting with nausea, vomiting, sweating, and horizontal nystagmus. She is diagnosed with vestibular neuritis. What is the best initial course of treatment?
- A. Vestibular rehabilitation
- B. Supportive care with anti-nausea and anti-vertigo medication
- C. Fluids
- D. Epley maneuver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supportive care with anti-nausea and anti-vertigo medication is appropriate for vestibular neuritis.
Children born with Down syndrome often have other anomalies. They especially require evaluation of what body system?
- A. Orthopedic
- B. Gastrointestinal
- C. Cardiac
- D. Endocrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have congenital heart defects.