Nokea
The most effective way to break the chain of infection is to:
- A. isolate all infected patients from remaining patients and assign only one staff member to each room.
- B. wear gowns, gloves, masks, and protective eyewear when entering every patient's room.
- C. perform effective hand hygiene according to CDC guidelines.
- D. use an N95 respirator when entering the room of any infected patient.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene removes pathogens from hands, breaking the mode of transmission in the chain of infection, and is the most effective preventive measure.
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A nurse is caring for a 38-year-old female who was admitted with the Zika virus. The nurse understands that which of the following will be given to the patient?
- A. Antipyretics
- B. NSAIDs
- C. Fluids
- D. Morphine
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Zika virus treatment focuses on symptom relief, including antipyretics for fever and fluids for hydration, as there is no specific antiviral treatment.
When you learn that your patient's infecting bacterium is identified as a gram-positive streptococcus, you know this means that:
- A. it appears in rod-shaped pairs and cannot be treated by antibiotics.
- B. it appears in sphere-shaped clusters and stains red in the laboratory.
- C. it appears as a long, coiling cell and stains blue in the laboratory.
- D. it appears in sphere-shaped chains and stains purple in the laboratory.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gram-positive streptococcus bacteria are spherical, arranged in chains, and stain purple due to their thick cell wall retaining the crystal violet stain.
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old male who was admitted with the Ebola virus. The nurse understands the Ebola virus spreads by:
- A. blood.
- B. body fluids.
- C. large droplet secretions.
- D. small droplet secretions.
- E. IV fluid.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Ebola spreads through direct contact with blood, body fluids, and large respiratory droplets, requiring strict contact and droplet precautions.
A patient is placed on droplet precautions. You know his wife needs more teaching about what PPE to use when she says:
- A. I don't need to wear a mask if I stay a foot away from him.'
- B. I will wash my hands and put on a face mask before I go into his room.'
- C. I will remove the mask just inside the door of his room.'
- D. This disease is spread through small droplets that spray out when he talks, coughs, or sneezes.'
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Droplet precautions require a mask within 3-6 feet of the patient, and the mask should be removed outside the room to prevent contamination.
A patient complains that he feels ill and the doctor told him it was a virus but that the doctor would not give him any antibiotics. He is upset with the doctor. What is the reason for the health-care provider's action?
- A. Most viruses are immune to antibiotics.
- B. Antibiotics only kill bacteria; they do not kill viruses.
- C. Only the newest, most expensive antibiotics will kill viruses.
- D. Antibiotics are not necessary unless the viral infection is severe.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics target bacterial cell structures, which viruses lack, making them ineffective against viral infections.