Nokea
The most frequent type of drug-food interaction is food:
- A. Causing increased therapeutic drug levels
- B. Affecting the metabolism of the drug
- C. Altering the volume of distribution of drugs
- D. Affecting the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Food most commonly affects drug absorption in the GI tract by altering pH, delaying gastric emptying, or binding to drugs, impacting bioavailability.
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Corticosteroids are acting on:
- A. Ion channels
- B. Thirosinkinase
- C. G-proteins
- D. genome and cases gene transcription
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids act on the genome, binding to receptors that regulate gene transcription.
Drug efficacy' refers to..
- A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial
- B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug
- C. The therapeutic dose range of the drug
- D. The therapeutic index of the drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy is defined as the maximum effect a drug can produce, per pharmacological principles.
A patient is to receive a daily dose of 240 mg of a medication. The dose is supposed to be divided evenly so that the drug is given every 6 hours. How much of the drug should be given at each dose?
- A. 30 mg
- B. 40 mg
- C. 50 mg
- D. 60 mg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because there are 24 hours in a day, giving a drug every 6 hours would mean giving the drug four times a day. Because the total daily dose is 240 mg, dividing that dose by four would mean each dose should be 60 mg.
Beta blockers have favorable effects on survival and disease progression in heart failure. Treatment should be initiated when the:
- A. Symptoms are severe
- B. Patient has not responded to other therapies
- C. Patient has concurrent hypertension
- D. Left ventricular dysfunction is diagnosed
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta blockers are initiated upon diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction to improve outcomes.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.