Nokea
The most likely diagnosis in the patient is
- A. patent ductus arteriosus
- B. critical aortic stenosis
- C. critical pulmonic stenosis
- D. tetralogy of Fallot
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot involves right ventricular hypertrophy, a VSD, overriding aorta, and pulmonary stenosis, consistent with the findings.
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All the following are causes of heart failure in full-term neonate EXCEPT
- A. asphyxial
- B. coarctation of aorta
- C. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. transposition of great arteries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta may not immediately present with heart failure in full-term neonates.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans causes:
- A. Oral ulcers
- B. Cervical lymphadenopathy
- C. Microcephaly
- D. Chorioretinitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chorioretinitis is a hallmark of congenital toxoplasmosis, leading to vision impairment.
Appropriate initial management steps in an acute anaphylactic reaction to a blood transfusion include:
- A. Nebulised steroids
- B. Oxygen
- C. Intravenous hydrocortisone
- D. Intravenous anti-H2 agent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxygen is a critical initial management step in anaphylaxis to ensure adequate oxygenation during the acute phase.
Prader Willi syndrome:
- A. Is caused by a maternal deletion of a part of chromosome 15
- B. Presents with macrosomia in infancy
- C. Developmental delay is common
- D. Behavioural problems are common
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental delay is a common feature of Prader Willi syndrome, along with other symptoms such as hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy.
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. “He is always hungry.â€
- B. “He tires out during feedings.â€
- C. “He is fussy for several hours every day.â€
- D. “He sleeps all the time.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.