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The mother of a boy who has recently been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is pregnant and asks the nurse if her unborn baby will have sickle cell anemia. What information should the nurse include in the answer?
- A. Sickle cell anemia is a contagious disease, but your child should no longer be communicable by the time the baby is born.
- B. When both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance that each child will have sickle cell anemia.
- C. Your sons have a 50% chance of having sickle cell anemia, but daughters can only be carriers.
- D. The next child should be disease free, but additional children have a chance of being born with the disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia is autosomal recessive; if both parents are carriers, each child has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease, regardless of sex or birth order.
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The nurse is reinforcing teaching with an adolescent client who has acne vulgaris. Which of the following information should the nurse reinforce? Select all that apply.
- A. A well-balanced diet can help support healthy skin.
- B. Antibacterial soap is harsh and can make your acne worse.
- C. Scrub whiteheads vigorously when washing your face twice daily.
- D. Squeezing or picking the lesions may increase the risk for infection and scarring.
- E. Use skin care products labeled as noncomedogenic to avoid clogging your skin pores.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: A balanced diet (A), avoiding harsh soaps (B), not picking lesions (D), and using noncomedogenic products (E) promote skin health and prevent acne exacerbation.
A nurse is preparing to administer 2 continuous IV medications concurrently via a 20-gauge IV. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Assess the condition of the IV site
- B. Check 2 client identifiers before administering medications
- C. Consult a medication guide for compatibility
- D. Wash hands prior to administering medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring medication compatibility prevents chemical interactions or precipitation in the IV line, which could harm the client or obstruct the catheter.
A nurse is discussing the concept of parallel play with parents of toddlers. Which statement should the nurse include to describe this type of play?
- A. Children play near other children but without significant interaction.
- B. Children playing together are strongly influenced by each other's choice of toy.
- C. The child primarily plays alone or with familiar people, such as parents.
- D. When playing in a group, one child will take on a follower role.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parallel play is characteristic of toddlers, where children play alongside each other without significant interaction, focusing on their own activities.
A 6-year old is admitted with a diagnosis of childhood autism. Which behavior is most typical of the child with autism?
- A. A willingness to talk to strangers
- B. A disinterest in inanimate objects
- C. Engaging in ritualistic behavior
- D. A dislike of music
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with autism often engage in ritualistic or repetitive behaviors, such as specific routines or movements, as a hallmark of the condition. Choice A is incorrect because children with autism typically have social communication difficulties and are less likely to engage with strangers. Choice B is incorrect as they may show intense interest in specific inanimate objects. Choice D is incorrect as music preference varies and is not a defining characteristic.
An 18-month old has been hospitalized six times for upper airway infections. Diagnostic studies including sweat analysis confirm the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements describes the inheritance pattern for cystic fibrosis?
- A. An affected gene is inherited from both the father and mother, who remain symptom free.
- B. Males are at risk at twice the rate as females.
- C. Autosomal recessive disorders tend to skip generations, so the children of affected parents will have children with the disorder.
- D. The disorder is transmitted by an affected gene on one of the six chromosomes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, requiring a mutated gene from both parents, who are carriers but asymptomatic.