Nokea
The mother of a child with chickenpox wants to know if there is a medication that will shorten the course of the illness. Which medication is sometimes used to speed healing of the lesions and shorten the duration of fever and itching?
- A. Zovirax (acyclovir)
- B. Varivax (varicella vaccine)
- C. VZIG (varicella-zoster immune globulin)
- D. Periactin (cyproheptadine)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral that can reduce the severity and duration of chickenpox symptoms, including lesions, fever, and itching.
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The client is prescribed prednisone for an acute exacerbation of lupus. Which side effect should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Weight loss
- C. Hypertension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause hypertension due to sodium retention and vasoconstriction. Hyperglycemia (not hypoglycemia), weight gain, and tachycardia are more likely than weight loss or bradycardia.
A 55-year-old client is admitted with a diagnosis of renal calculi. He presented with severe right flank pain, nausea, and vomiting. The most important nursing action for him at this time is:
- A. Intake and output measurement
- B. Daily weights
- C. Straining of all urine
- D. Administration of O2 therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Straining urine provides for assessment of calculi and evaluation of calculi descent through ureters and urethra.
A client was admitted with rib fractures and a pneumothorax, which were sustained as a result of a motor vehicle accident. A chest tube was placed on the left side to reinflate his lung, and he was transferred to a client unit. Twenty-four hours after admission he continues to have bloody sputum, develops increasing hypoxemia, and his chest x-ray shows patchy infiltrates. The nurse analyzes these symptoms as being consistent with:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Pulmonary contusions
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Tension pneumothorax
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary contusions from blunt chest trauma cause alveolar edema and hemorrhage, leading to bloody sputum, hypoxemia, and patchy infiltrates on x-ray.
The nurse is assessing a client following the removal of a pituitary tumor. The nurse notes that the urinary output has increased and that the urine is very dilute. The nurse should give priority to:
- A. Notifying the doctor immediately
- B. Documenting the finding in the chart
- C. Decreasing the rate of IV fluids
- D. Administering vasopressive medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased, dilute urine post-pituitary surgery suggests diabetes insipidus due to decreased antidiuretic hormone, requiring immediate physician notification.
The parents of a 9-year-old child with acute lymphocytic leukemia expressed concern about his alopecia from cranial irradiation. The nurse explains that:
- A. Alopecia is an unavoidable side effect.
- B. There are several wig makers for children.
- C. Most children select a favorite hat to protect their heads.
- D. His hair will grow back in a few months.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alopecia has occurred, and knowing it is a side effect does not address their concern. Although true, it does not give them hope for the future. Although true, it does not provide them with information of the temporary nature of the situation. Knowing the hair will grow back provides comfort that the alopecia is temporary.