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The mother of an infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis asks the nurse what causes the disease. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Parainfluenza
- D. Rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, especially in infants. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. Choice B, Haemophilus influenzae, is a bacterium that can cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice C, Parainfluenza, is a common viral infection that can cause croup and other respiratory illnesses but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Rotavirus, is a virus that primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, causing diarrhea and vomiting, and is not associated with bronchiolitis.
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Play activities of the preschool-age child include:
- A. Having imaginary playmates
- B. Selective collection of objects
- C. Complex board games
- D. Associative play
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.
Which explains the importance of detecting strabismus in young children?
- A. Color vision deficit may result.
- B. Amblyopia, a type of blindness, may result.
- C. Epicanthal folds may develop in the affected eye
- D. Corneal light reflexes may fall symmetrically within each pupil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The parents of an 8-month-old infant voice concern to the nurse that their infant is not developing motor skills as the infant should. What question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining if their fears are warranted?
- A. Does the infant move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other?
- B. Is the infant able to drink from a cup by oneself?
- C. Is the infant able to hold a pencil and scribble on paper?
- D. Does the infant place toys into a box or container and take them out?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. By 8 months, an infant should be able to transfer objects between hands, which is an important motor skill milestone. This action shows coordination and developing fine motor skills. Choices B, C, and D involve more advanced motor skills that are typically not expected at 8 months of age. Drinking from a cup, holding a pencil to scribble, and engaging in purposeful play with toys are skills that develop later in infancy.
The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed, as-needed antiemetic drug for a child diagnosed with cancer. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Administering the drug only if the child is nauseated.
- B. Administering the drug prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy.
- C. Administering the drug after the next dose of chemotherapy.
- D. Administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering the antiemetic prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy is the most appropriate action. This approach helps prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Waiting until the child is already nauseated, as stated in option A, is less effective as it is reactive rather than proactive. Administering the drug after chemotherapy, as in option C, may not be as beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Option D, administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea, is not relevant to the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea.
What is the appropriate site to administer an intramuscular (IM) vaccine to a newborn?
- A. The dorsal gluteal muscle
- B. The vastus lateralis muscle
- C. The ventral gluteal muscle
- D. The biceps muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct site to administer an intramuscular (IM) vaccine to a newborn is the vastus lateralis muscle. For newborns, the vastus lateralis is preferred over the dorsogluteal site because the dorsogluteal site has been associated with low antibody seroconversion rates, indicating a reduced immune response. The vastus lateralis is also recommended for IM injections in newborns, while the deltoid muscle is preferred for older infants and children. The ventral gluteal muscle and the biceps muscle are not appropriate sites for IM injections. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.