Nokea
The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain?
- A. Back of the head
- B. Top middle portion of the parietal lobe
- C. Front portion of the parietal lobe
- D. Around the auditory cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Front portion of the parietal lobe. The motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, specifically in the front portion of the parietal lobe. It is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the motor cortex is not located at the back of the head, top middle portion of the parietal lobe, or around the auditory cortex.
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What is the most visible part of the ear?
- A. Ear canal
- B. Cochlea
- C. Organ of Corti
- D. Pinna
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. Its external shape and location make it easily noticeable on the side of the head. The pinna helps in capturing sound waves and directing them into the ear canal, where the sound transmission process begins. The other structures listed, the Organ of Corti, Cochlea, and Ear canal, are essential parts of the ear involved in hearing and sound processing, but they are not as visibly prominent as the pinna. Therefore, the correct answer is the pinna because of its external visibility and role in capturing sound waves.
Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, plays a crucial role in controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It serves as the control center for automatic functions necessary for survival, making it the correct choice in this scenario. The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary movements, so it does not control basic physiological functions like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum is mainly involved in coordination and balance, while the hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but not specifically breathing and heart rate.
Which nutrients are important for bone health?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Calcium and phosphorus
- C. Iron and zinc
- D. Magnesium and sodium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium and phosphorus are crucial nutrients for bone health as they are essential minerals required for bone strength, density, and various body functions. Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus through the diet is important for maintaining healthy bones and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption, but it is not the main nutrient responsible for bone health. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium, while important for overall health, are not as directly linked to bone health as calcium and phosphorus.
Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?
- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Cardiac muscle
- C. Skeletal muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing individuals to consciously regulate its contractions for movement. Examples of skeletal muscle control include actions like walking, running, and lifting weights. Smooth muscle (choice A) and cardiac muscle (choice B) are both involuntary muscles, meaning they are not under conscious control. While skeletal muscle is striated (choice D), striated muscle is a broader category that includes both voluntary (skeletal) and involuntary (cardiac) muscles.
What role does the liver play in metabolism?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To detoxify harmful substances
- C. To store glucose
- D. To produce insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To detoxify harmful substances.' The liver is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances present in the blood as part of its role in metabolism. While the liver does produce bile to aid in digestion and stores glucose for energy regulation, its main function in metabolism is detoxification. The liver does not produce insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels.