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The normal life expectancy for 50% of patients ith amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is:
- A. 3 years
- B. 10 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 20 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 5 years. In ALS, 50% of patients have a life expectancy of around 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. This is due to the progressive nature of the disease, leading to rapid deterioration of motor neurons and muscle function. Choice A (3 years) is too specific and may not apply to exactly 50% of patients. Choice B (10 years) and D (20 years) are too optimistic and do not align with the typical prognosis of ALS, where the majority of patients have a shorter life expectancy. Therefore, based on the average survival rates and disease progression, choice C is the most accurate representation of the normal life expectancy for 50% of ALS patients.
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Which of the following statements would be most appropriate when assisting a patient who has the nursing diagnosis ofAltered Thought Process with Persona! Hygiene Needs?
- A. "What would you like to do first, brush your teeth?"
- B. "Where is y our toothbrush?"
- C. "When would you like to have your bath?"
- D. "Would you like to brush your teeth, or do you want me to do it for you? it's good to do things for yourself."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
- Choice D is correct as it offers the patient autonomy and promotes self-care, which is important for maintaining independence and dignity.
- By giving the patient a choice between brushing their own teeth or having assistance, it empowers them to make decisions.
- Choices A, B, and C are not as appropriate because they do not address the patient's autonomy and may come across as directive or intrusive, which can further exacerbate the altered thought process.
Which of the ff interventions is implemented for a client with empyema?
- A. Teach the client breathing exercises
- B. Offer assurance that empyema takes less time to resolve
- C. Recommend that the client eat a balanced but light diet
- D. Emphasize the completion of the entire course of drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emphasize the completion of the entire course of drug therapy. Empyema is a serious condition that requires antibiotic treatment. Emphasizing the completion of the entire course of drug therapy is crucial to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Teaching breathing exercises (choice A) may help improve lung function but is not the primary intervention for empyema. Offering assurance that empyema takes less time to resolve (choice B) is incorrect as it can mislead the client about the seriousness of the condition. Recommending a balanced but light diet (choice C) may be beneficial for overall health but is not directly related to treating empyema.
What is the best initial action for the nurse to take?
- A. Try to have the client breathe slower or
- B. Give O2 via nasal cannula
- C. Administer sodium bicarbonate
- D. Monitor the client’s fluid balance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct initial action for the nurse to take is A: Try to have the client breathe slower. This is because the client may be experiencing respiratory distress, and slowing down their breathing can help improve oxygenation. Giving O2 via nasal cannula (B) should be considered if the client's oxygen saturation is low after trying to slow down their breathing. Administering sodium bicarbonate (C) is not the appropriate initial action unless the client is experiencing severe acidosis. Monitoring the client's fluid balance (D) is important but not the best initial action in this scenario where respiratory distress is the concern.
A 27-year old adult is admitted for treatment of Crohn’s disease. Which information is most significant when the nurse assesses nutritional health?
- A. Anthropometric measurements
- B. dry skin
- C. bleeding gums
- D. facialrubor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anthropometric measurements. This includes height, weight, and body mass index, which are crucial indicators of the nutritional status of a patient with Crohn's disease. It helps assess malnutrition, muscle wasting, and overall nutritional health. Dry skin (B), bleeding gums (C), and facial rubor (D) are not direct indicators of nutritional health in a patient with Crohn's disease. Dry skin may indicate dehydration, bleeding gums may suggest poor oral hygiene or gum disease, and facial rubor may be a sign of inflammation but are not specific to nutritional status.
Mr. Reyea has expressive aphasia. As a part of a long range planning. The nurse should ;
- A. Provide positive feedback when he uses the word correctly
- B. Wait for him to verbally state needs regardless of how long it may take
- C. Suggest that he get help at home because the disability is permanent
- D. Help the family to accept the fact that Mr, Reyes cannot participate in verbal communication Situation - Patricia Zeno is a client with history myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide positive feedback when he uses the word correctly. In individuals with expressive aphasia, positive reinforcement helps improve communication skills. Praising Mr. Reyea when he uses words correctly encourages continued effort and boosts confidence. This approach motivates him to communicate more despite his challenges.
Summary of other choices:
B: Waiting indefinitely for Mr. Reyea to verbally state needs is not practical and may lead to frustration.
C: Suggesting permanent help at home assumes the disability cannot improve, which is not necessarily true for expressive aphasia.
D: Helping the family to accept Mr. Reyea's inability to communicate verbally may hinder his progress and limit his social interactions.