Nokea
The nurse asks a client who is about to have a cardiac catheterization about any allergies. The client states, 'I always get a rash when I eat shellfish.' Which of the following is the priority nursing action?
- A. Attach a wristband indicating the client's allergy
- B. Ask the client if any other foods cause such a reaction
- C. Notify the dietary department of the client's allergy
- D. Notify the provider of the client's allergy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Notifying the provider of the client's shellfish allergy is crucial to prevent a potential reaction from the contrast dye. While attaching a wristband indicating the allergy may be necessary, the priority is to inform the provider. Asking the client about other foods causing a similar reaction or notifying the dietary department, although important, are not the priority in this situation.
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What is a key component of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure?
- A. Advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise
- B. Fluid restriction to prevent fluid overload
- C. Dietary recommendations, including a low-sodium diet
- D. Medication management, including diuretics and ACE inhibitors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main components of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure include advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health and overall well-being. While fluid restriction and dietary recommendations are important aspects of heart failure management, advising on physical activity and exercise is crucial for improving cardiac function and quality of life post-discharge. Medication management is also essential but focusing on physical activity is particularly relevant for long-term management and preventing readmissions.
A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Inject at a 90-degree angle
- B. Inject at a 45-degree angle
- C. Massage the injection site after administering
- D. Use a longer needle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to inject enoxaparin subcutaneously at a 45-degree angle. This angle helps ensure proper delivery of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue. Option A (Inject at a 90-degree angle) is incorrect because subcutaneous injections are usually given at a shallower angle. Option C (Massage the injection site after administering) is incorrect as massaging the site can cause bruising and should generally be avoided. Option D (Use a longer needle) is incorrect as using a longer needle is unnecessary and may increase the risk of injecting the medication too deeply.
What are the signs of infection that should be monitored in a postoperative patient?
- A. Fever and chills
- B. All of the above
- C. Increased pain or tenderness
- D. Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site.' These are specific signs of infection at the surgical site that a nurse should monitor for in a postoperative patient. While fever, chills, and increased pain can also indicate infection, the most direct signs are redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site. Therefore, 'D' is the best choice as it directly relates to the site of the surgery and is crucial to monitor for potential postoperative infections.
A nurse manager of a rural clinic is orienting a new employee. Which of the following information should the nurse include as a characteristic of rural health?
- A. Lower rates of maternal morbidity
- B. Reduced incidence of death from motor-vehicle crashes
- C. Increased rates of chronic illness
- D. More frequent dental preventative care visits
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Increased rates of chronic illness.' Rural areas often face challenges such as limited access to healthcare services, healthcare provider shortages, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle choices that contribute to higher rates of chronic illnesses. Maternal morbidity rates are typically higher in rural areas due to limited access to obstetric care. While rural areas may have fewer motor-vehicle crashes compared to urban areas, the severity of crashes is usually higher due to factors like longer emergency response times. Dental care access can also be limited in rural areas, leading to less frequent preventative care visits.
Which of the following is a recommended approach for handling aggressive behavior in a mental health setting?
- A. Encourage the client to express their feelings through physical activity
- B. Avoid making eye contact to prevent escalation
- C. Use pharmacological interventions immediately
- D. Maintain eye contact, offer clear choices, and set boundaries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The recommended approach for handling aggressive behavior in a mental health setting is to maintain eye contact, offer clear choices, and set boundaries. This approach can help de-escalate the situation by establishing communication and structure. Choice A is incorrect as encouraging physical activity may not be suitable during an aggressive episode. Choice B is incorrect because avoiding eye contact can hinder communication and resolution. Choice C is also incorrect as pharmacological interventions should not be the immediate go-to method for managing aggression unless absolutely necessary.