Nokea
The nurse assessing a patient who is taking furosemide finds an irregular pulse. This is likely a sign of which disorder?
- A. hypomagnesemia.
- B. hypernatremia.
- C. hypokalemia.
- D. hypercalcemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The loop diuretic prototype, furosemide affects electrolytes and causes hypokalemia; the deficiency of the electrolyte can cause arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
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As the nurse and the dietitian review a female patient's diet plan with her, she shouts that with her diabetes and now the kidney failure, there is just nothing she can eat. She says she might as well eat what she wants, because there is nothing she can do to help herself. Based on the patient's response, which patient problem does the nurse identify?
- A. The patient will not likely follow a prescribed diet due to anger.
- B. The patient does not understand the diet, and will likely have poor nutrition.
- C. The patient is in the grieving process, due to the probability she will die soon.
- D. The patient is feeling unable to cope, and feels helpless over having diabetes and kidney failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ineffective coping due to the feeling of powerlessness against the multiorgan failure may result in aggressive or infantile behavior.
The patient is scheduled for a transurethral resection of the prostate. During preoperative teaching, which aspect will the nurse emphasize about what the patient can expect after the procedure?
- A. Red drainage from the catheter
- B. Limited intake of fluids
- C. A sodium-restricted diet
- D. Incisional drainage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient and family need to know that hematuria is expected after prostatic surgery.
A patient, age 69, is admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria and history of a 20-lb weight loss during the last 3 months. The health care provider suspects renal cancer. When assisting with data collection from this patient, the nurse recognizes which risk factor as significant for renal cancer?
- A. High caffeine intake
- B. Cigarette smoking
- C. Use of artificial sweeteners
- D. Chronic cystitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Risk factors include smoking; familial incidence; and preexisting renal disorders, such as adult polycystic kidney disease and renal cystic disease secondary to renal failure.
The home health nurse suggests the use of complementary and alternative therapies to prevent and/or treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which liquid is an example of such therapies?
- A. Grape juice
- B. Caffeine
- C. Tea
- D. Cranberry juice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cranberry (Cranberry Plus, Ultra Cranberry) has been used to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in women prone to recurrent infection. It has also been used to treat acute UTI. Monitor patients for lack of therapeutic effect. Caffeine and tea will increase diuresis but not prevent UTI.
Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland influences the amount of water that is eliminated with the urine?
- A. Pitocin
- B. Renin hormone
- C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH causes the cells of the distal convoluted tubules to increase their rate of water reabsorption.