Nokea
The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92-year-old patient who is demonstrating signs of dementia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable. Which disorder is one example?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Diabetes
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some forms of dementia are reversible. Dementia caused by hypotension, anemia, drug toxicity, metabolic disturbance, and malnutrition can all be corrected to abolish the dementia.
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The nurse is aware that the drug t-PA a tissue plasminogen activator, must be given within how many hours of the onset of symptoms to have maximum benefit?
- A. 3 hours
- B. 4 hours
- C. 6 hours
- D. 8 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: t-PA must be given within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms to be beneficial.
___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
A patient is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease when demonstrating difficulty swallowing?
- A. Pre-Alzheimer's
- B. Early
- C. Middle
- D. Late
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient who demonstrates difficulty swallowing is in the late, or severe, stage.
A ___ is a diagnostic procedure used to identify lesions by observing the flow of radiopaque dye through the subarachnoid space.
Correct Answer: myelogram
Rationale: Preparation for this procedure is the same as for lumbar puncture.
The newly admitted patient to the emergency room 30 minutes ago after a fall off a ladder has gradually decreased in consciousness and has slowly reacting pupils, a widening pulse pressure, and verbal responses that are slow and unintelligible. Which position is most appropriate for the patient?
- A. Neck placed in a neutral position.
- B. Head raised slightly with hips flexed.
- C. Supine in gravity neutral position.
- D. Turn on right side with head elevated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is experiencing increased intracranial pressure. To assist with reducing the intracranial pressure, place the patient's neck in a neutral position (not flexed or extended) to promote venous drainage.