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The nurse cares for a client who does not follow dietary recommendations for treatment of heart failure. Which statement, if made by the nurse, demonstrates respect for the client?
- A. "It doesn't make any difference to me whether you decide to eat healthy or not.=
- B. "You will get more attention from your physician, if you follow diet restrictions.=
- C. "I care about you even if you are not following your dietary restrictions.=
- D. "Have you noticed that patients who eat healthy foods receive better healthcare?=
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates empathy and respect for the client's autonomy. By stating "I care about you even if you are not following your dietary restrictions," the nurse acknowledges the client's choice while still showing concern for their well-being. This response fosters a supportive and non-judgmental relationship with the client.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they either show indifference, use coercion, or imply a comparison between patients based on their dietary choices. These responses do not prioritize the client's feelings, choices, or autonomy, which is essential in providing patient-centered care.
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While interviewing a Native American man for the admission history, the nurse should expect to:
- A. wait patiently through long pauses in the conversation.
- B. maintain eye contact with the patient.
- C. give the patient permission to speak.
- D. have another family member speak for the patient. Native Americans use long pauses in their conversation to better consider their answer and consider the question. The culturally sensitive nurse would wait quietly through the pauses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it acknowledges the cultural communication norms of Native American individuals, who may take longer pauses during conversations to reflect and respond thoughtfully. By waiting patiently through these pauses, the nurse shows respect for the individual's communication style and allows for effective dialogue.
Option B is incorrect because maintaining constant eye contact may be perceived as confrontational or disrespectful in some Native American cultures. Option C is incorrect as it assumes the patient needs permission to speak, which may not align with their cultural norms. Option D is incorrect as it undermines the individual's autonomy and may not accurately represent their perspective.
According to Swanson's theory, there are five caring processes, one of which is "knowing." What are the other four?
- A. Communication, assertiveness, responsibility, and caring
- B. Maintaining belief, being with, doing for, and enabling
- C. Understanding, action, information, and comfort
- D. Maintaining belief, being with, enabling, and supporting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining belief, being with, doing for, and enabling.
- Maintaining belief: Involves believing in the patient's capacity for self-care.
- Being with: Being present and connecting emotionally with the patient.
- Doing for: Providing assistance and meeting the patient's needs.
- Enabling: Encouraging and supporting the patient to reach their full potential.
Other choices are incorrect:
- A: Communication, assertiveness, responsibility, and caring do not align with Swanson's caring processes.
- C: Understanding, action, information, and comfort are not the caring processes in Swanson's theory.
- D: Maintaining belief, being with, enabling, and supporting is partly correct but lacks the "doing for" process.
A nurse using active listening techniques would:
- A. use nonverbal cues such as leaning forward, focusing on the speaker's face, and slightly nodding to indicate that the message has been heard.
- B. avoid the use of eye contact to allow the patient to express herself without feeling stared at or demeaned.
- C. anticipate what the speaker is trying to say and help the patient express herself when she has difficulty with finishing a sentence.
- D. ask probing questions to direct the conversation and obtain the information needed as efficiently as possible. Eye contact is a culturally learned behavior and in some cases may not be appropriate. Probing questions or finishing the patient's sentence is not part of active listening and is detrimental to an interview.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct because active listening involves using nonverbal cues such as leaning forward, focusing on the speaker's face, and nodding slightly to show that you are engaged and understanding the message. Leaning forward demonstrates interest, focusing on the face shows attentiveness, and nodding indicates acknowledgment. These actions encourage the speaker to continue sharing and feel heard.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Avoiding eye contact can make the speaker feel ignored or disconnected, which goes against the principles of active listening.
C: Anticipating what the speaker is trying to say and finishing their sentences is not active listening; it can be seen as interrupting and not allowing the speaker to express themselves fully.
D: Asking probing questions and directing the conversation towards obtaining specific information efficiently is not active listening. It can come across as controlling the conversation rather than actively listening to the speaker.
The nurse cares for the mother of a child who died in the emergency room as a result of an accidental poisoning. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Place a greater emphasis on nonverbal aspects of empathy over verbal.
- B. Accurately reflect on the mother's feelings to convey understanding and concern.
- C. Repeat exact phrases stated by the mother to aid in expressions of grief.
- D. Reflect on the expressed feelings of the mother but with the nurse's own words.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because accurately reflecting on the mother's feelings shows understanding and empathy, validating her emotions. This approach helps establish trust and connection, essential in providing emotional support.
A: Placing greater emphasis on nonverbal aspects may not effectively convey empathy and understanding.
C: Merely repeating exact phrases may come off as insincere and robotic, lacking genuine empathy.
D: Reflecting on the mother's feelings using the nurse's own words may not accurately capture the depth of the mother's emotions and may lead to misinterpretation.
The community health nurse is listening to a client talk about a personal problem. Which of these actions by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should increase the physical distance from the client.
- B. The nurse should lean toward the client and make eye contact.
- C. The nurse should periodically interrupt the client to ask questions.
- D. The nurse should initiate the physical assessment to distract the client.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because leaning towards the client and making eye contact demonstrates active listening and empathy, helping to build rapport and trust. This non-verbal communication shows the client that the nurse is engaged and attentive, creating a safe space for them to share their personal problem. Increasing physical distance (A) may convey disinterest or lack of connection. Periodically interrupting the client (C) can disrupt the flow of conversation and hinder the client's ability to express themselves. Initiating a physical assessment (D) would be inappropriate as it could feel intrusive and insensitive given the context of the client discussing a personal problem. Overall, choice B fosters a supportive environment for effective communication and client-centered care.