Nokea
The nurse caring for the laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:
- A. Fetal intestines.
- B. Fetal kidneys.
- C. Amniotic fluid.
- D. The placenta.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As the fetus nears term, fetal waste products accumulate in the intestines as dark green-to-black, tarry meconium.
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At 16 weeks of gestation a pregnant person states, 'The most dangerous time is the first 3 months, so I shouldn’t have to worry from now on about any dangers to the baby.' What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
- A. There are teratogens with the potential to harm your baby at any time during the pregnancy.
- B. We really won’t be able to say for sure before you have an ultrasound.
- C. You are correct. You are past the critical point.
- D. You don’t seem very concerned about your baby’s welfare.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because teratogens, substances that can harm the developing fetus, can have negative effects on the baby at any point during pregnancy, not just in the first trimester. The nurse's response should educate the pregnant person about the ongoing risks and the importance of avoiding harmful substances throughout pregnancy.
Option B is incorrect because an ultrasound is not used to assess the risk of teratogens. Option C is incorrect as it provides incorrect information that the risk is past, which is not true. Option D is incorrect as it is judgmental and does not address the pregnant person's misconception about the risks throughout pregnancy.
The nurse is providing education to a pregnant person regarding the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Identify the relief measures the nurse would discuss. Select all that apply.
- A. avoid dairy products
- B. avoid strong odors
- C. drink fluids between meals
- D. drink sweet fluids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: avoid dairy products. This is because dairy products can exacerbate nausea in some pregnant individuals due to their high fat content. Avoiding dairy products can help reduce nausea symptoms.
Rationale:
1. Avoiding dairy products: High fat content in dairy products can trigger nausea in some pregnant individuals.
2. Avoid strong odors: While strong odors can trigger nausea, it is not a specific relief measure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
3. Drink fluids between meals: Staying hydrated is important, but drinking fluids between meals is not a specific relief measure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
4. Drink sweet fluids: While some pregnant individuals find relief from nausea by consuming sweet fluids, it is not a universal recommendation and may not work for everyone.
The nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. After assigning the first Apgar score
of 9, the nurse notes two vessels in the umbilical cord. What is the nurse’s next action?
- A. Assess for other abnormalities of the infant.
- B. Note the assessment finding in the infant’s chart.
- C. Notify the health care provider of the assessment finding.
- D. Call for the neonatal resuscitation team to attend the infant immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse should assess for other abnormalities of the infant because the presence of two vessels in the umbilical cord (a condition known as a two-vessel cord) may be associated with other congenital anomalies. By assessing for other abnormalities, the nurse can identify any potential issues that may require immediate intervention or further evaluation. This proactive approach ensures the newborn's well-being and allows for timely management of any additional concerns.
Summary of other choices:
B: Noting the finding in the chart is important but does not address the immediate need to assess for other abnormalities.
C: Notifying the health care provider is important, but assessing for other abnormalities should be the nurse's initial priority.
D: Calling for the neonatal resuscitation team is not necessary based solely on the presence of a two-vessel cord; further assessment is needed before determining the need for resuscitation.
A female patient with a history of infertility is scheduled to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which findings can be detected with this procedure? Select all that apply.
- A. Tubal occlusions
- B. Uterine fibroids
- C. Cervical irritation
- D. Bicornate uterus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tubal occlusions. Hysterosalpingogram is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes. It can detect tubal occlusions by visualizing the flow of contrast dye through the fallopian tubes. Choice B, uterine fibroids, is incorrect as hysterosalpingogram does not specifically assess uterine fibroids. Choice C, cervical irritation, is also incorrect as this procedure focuses on the uterus and fallopian tubes, not the cervix. Choice D, bicornuate uterus, is incorrect as hysterosalpingogram primarily evaluates tubal patency and uterine cavity shape, not specific uterine anomalies like a bicornuate uterus.
Which immunoglobulin is the only one that crosses the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. IgG
- B. IgA
- C. IgM
- D. IgD
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgG. IgG is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta due to its small size and ability to bind to the neonatal Fc receptor. This transfer provides passive immunity to the fetus, protecting it from infections. IgA primarily functions in mucosal immunity and is found in secretions like breast milk. IgM is too large to cross the placenta and is mainly produced in response to acute infections. IgD is primarily found on the surface of B cells and functions in the activation of these cells.