Nokea
The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for terminally-ill spine patients than younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the independent variable?
- A. Degree of treatment received
- B. Age of the patient
- C. Use of inpatient treatment
- D. Type of complications being treated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable in an experiment is the variable that is manipulated or determined by the researcher. In this hypothesis, the nurse is suggesting that the age of the patient (elderly vs. younger) influences the aggressiveness of treatment received. Therefore, the age of the patient is the independent variable in this scenario. The dependent variable would be the degree of treatment received, as it is expected to be influenced by the independent variable, which is the age of the patient.
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The NICU nurse prepares for the arrival of the newborn. Which of the following PRIORITY item should be placed at the newborn's bedside? A _____________.
- A. Specific gravity urinometer
- B. Rectal thermometer
- C. Blood pressure cuff
- D. Bottle of sterile normal saline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority item that should be placed at the newborn's bedside is a blood pressure cuff. Monitoring the newborn's blood pressure is crucial in the NICU, as it helps assess the baby's cardiovascular function and overall well-being. Blood pressure changes can be an early indication of potential health issues, so having a blood pressure cuff readily available allows for timely monitoring and intervention if necessary. The other items listed (specific gravity urinometer, rectal thermometer, bottle of sterile normal saline) are also important in neonatal care, but monitoring blood pressure takes precedence in this scenario.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for the client with multiple myeloma. The nurse includes which priority intervention in the plan of care?
- A. Encourage fluid
- B. Coughing and deep breathing
- C. Providing frequent oral care
- D. Monitoring red blood cell coun
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A priority intervention for a client with multiple myeloma is to include coughing and deep breathing exercises in the plan of care. Multiple myeloma can affect the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. Anemia can cause fatigue and shortness of breath. By encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises, the nurse can help improve lung function, enhance oxygenation, and prevent potential respiratory complications in the client with multiple myeloma. This intervention is crucial in promoting respiratory health and overall well-being for the client.
You are a Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center Nurse. During the assessment of a newly admitted Person Who Uses Drugs (PWUDs) named Korino, which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE question to ask?
- A. Ask Korino how long he thought that he could take drugs without someone finding it.
- B. Ask Korino why he started taking illegal drugs.
- C. Not ask any questions for fear Korino will deny and may become assaultive.
- D. Ask Korino about the amount of drug used and its effect and how long he had been using.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate question to ask during the assessment of a newly admitted Person Who Uses Drugs (PWUDs) like Korino is to ask about the amount of drug used, its effects, and how long he has been using. This question provides valuable information for treatment planning and understanding the extent of Korino's drug use. By asking about the specific details of his drug use, the nurse can assess the severity of the addiction, potential health risks, and the duration of substance abuse. This information is crucial for developing an individualized treatment plan and providing appropriate care for Korino's needs. Asking open-ended questions about drug use also helps build rapport and trust between the nurse and the patient, which is essential for effective treatment.
In emergency situation when a patient is unable to give consent for life saving treatment, what type of consent allows to assume APPROPRIATE medical treatment ?
- A. Implied consent
- B. Express consent
- C. Informed consent
- D. Involuntary consent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Implied consent is the type of consent that allows healthcare providers to assume appropriate medical treatment in emergency situations where a patient is unable to give consent. In these cases, it can be assumed that a reasonable person would consent to life-saving treatment if they were able to do so. Implied consent is based on the principle of necessity and prioritizes the patient's well-being when time is of the essence. It is crucial in emergency situations to act quickly to provide the necessary medical care to save a patient's life, even if they are unable to provide express consent at that moment.
Which additional finding confirms the diagnosis that the patient has mastitis?
- A. Enlarged glands in the axilla
- B. Normal temperature
- C. Engorged both breasts
- D. Hard mass and reddened area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hard mass and a reddened area on one breast are key clinical signs that confirm the diagnosis of mastitis. Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that often presents with localized redness, warmth, and swelling of the breast. The presence of a hard mass along with the other symptoms suggests inflammation and infection within the breast tissue. In contrast, the other findings such as enlarged glands in the axilla, normal temperature, and engorged breasts are not specific findings for mastitis and may be present in other conditions. Therefore, the presence of a hard mass and reddened area on one breast is the additional finding that strongly confirms the diagnosis of mastitis in this case.