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The nurse double-checked Mr. Gary's meds to avoid mistakes. This is an example of?
- A. Safety
- B. Quality improvement
- C. Patient-centered care
- D. Telemedicine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Double-checking meds is safety (A) preventing harm, per care standards. QI (B) enhances, patient-centered (C) tailors, telemedicine (D) remote not error-specific. A fits safety's focus, making it correct.
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The goal of nursing is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him'. This was stated by
- A. Henderson
- B. Jean Watson
- C. Marta Rogers
- D. Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This quote reflects a historical view of nursing as facilitating natural healing, attributed to Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. In her 1859 work, *Notes on Nursing*, she emphasized optimizing the patient's environment cleanliness, air, and rest for recovery. Henderson defined nursing through 14 basic needs, Watson focused on caring theory, and Rogers developed a science of unitary beings none match this phrasing. Nightingale's philosophy shaped nursing's focus on holistic care, influencing practice for centuries by prioritizing patient conditions over direct intervention.
The nurse is caring for a client with a closed reduction of the left forearm. Which finding should be reported to the physician immediately?
- A. The client complains of pain at the site of the fracture
- B. The client's fingers are cool and pale
- C. The client's cast has a foul odor
- D. The client's radial pulse is 88 beats per minute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cool, pale fingers post-left forearm closed reduction indicate circulatory compromise, possibly compartment syndrome, needing urgent reporting pain is expected, odor suggests infection (less acute), and pulse (88) is normal. Nurses assess neurovascular status, acting fast, preventing tissue damage in this orthopedic emergency.
While planning nursing process for a patient who is at risk for suicide, which of the following is the priority area for providing care :
- A. Sleep
- B. Nutrition
- C. Self-esteem
- D. Safety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Suicide risk demands a prioritized nursing approach under the nursing process. Sleep (choice A) and nutrition (choice B) are basic needs, but disruptions are secondary to immediate risk. Self-esteem (choice C) influences mental health, yet addressing it is a longer-term goal. Safety (choice D) is the priority, as suicidal ideation poses an acute threat to life, requiring immediate interventions like removing hazards, constant observation, and risk assessment (e.g., SAD PERSONS scale). D is correct because ensuring safety prevents harm, the first step in stabilizing the patient. Nurses must implement safety protocols, collaborate with psychiatry, and then address sleep, nutrition, and esteem, building a comprehensive care plan.
Which activity is an example of health promotion by the nurse
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Giving a bedbath
- C. Preventing complications after an accident
- D. Performing diagnostic procedures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health promotion enhances well-being and prevents disease proactively administering immunizations (e.g., measles vaccine) exemplifies this, boosting immunity before illness strikes. Giving a bedbath is hygiene, not promotion supportive, not preventive. Preventing complications post-accident is tertiary prevention, managing existing issues, not promoting health preemptively. Diagnostic procedures (e.g., blood tests) detect, not promote assessment, not prevention. Immunizations align with health promotion's focus on empowering clients against disease, a core nursing role in public health, making this the standout example.
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
- A. Ask a question about a clinical practice
- B. Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice
- C. Recommend best practice
- D. Complete a meta-analysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In evidence-based practice (EBP), the second step after posing a question is a systematic review, where the nurse summarizes findings from multiple studies on a specific nursing practice like pain relief methods. This involves synthesizing data from diverse sources, assessing consistency, and identifying patterns, not just asking a question (step one) or recommending practice (later step). A meta-analysis, a statistical synthesis, may follow but isn't required here. Systematic review builds a comprehensive evidence base, revealing what works e.g., studies showing non-opioid pain options reduce side effects setting the stage for appraisal and application. It's meticulous, reducing bias by including all relevant research, ensuring nurses ground decisions in a broad, reliable overview rather than isolated findings, critical for effective, patient-centered care.