Nokea
The nurse explains that the diagnosis of diabetes is made when the fasting blood glucose level is mg/dL on two separate occasions, and the history is positive for indication of the disease.
Correct Answer: 126
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL on two separate occasions, with a positive history, confirms diabetes.
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A mother reports that her 4-month-old infant is lethargic, sleeps 18 hours a day, and snores. The nurse recognizes these signs are characteristic of what?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- D. Tay-Sachs disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant with hypothyroidism appears sluggish with an enlarged tongue, causing noisy respiration.
What is the pattern of inheritance for most inborn errors of metabolism?
- A. Autosomal recessive
- B. Autosomal dominant
- C. X-linked recessive
- D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pattern of inheritance for most inborn errors of metabolism, such as Tay-Sachs disease, is generally autosomal recessive.
Although the child with type 1 diabetes had her prescribed insulin at 7:30 AM, the child is complaining of hunger and thirst and is drowsy at 10:30 AM. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Walk the patient in the hall for 10 minutes.
- B. Allow the patient a short nap.
- C. Give her a cup of orange juice.
- D. Test her blood with a glucometer and give insulin according to the sliding scale.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The immediate remedy is to give orange juice to raise the blood glucose, addressing symptoms of hypoglycemia.
The nurse is discussing insulin shock with parents of a child recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What will the nurse respond when the parents ask why children are more prone to insulin reactions? (Select all that apply.)
- A. The condition is more unstable in children.'
- B. Parents are often noncompliant.'
- C. The activities are irregular.'
- D. They are still growing.'
- E. Sleep patterns are not established.'
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Children are more prone to insulin reactions due to unstable condition, irregular activities, and growth.
After a closed head injury, the unconscious 10-year-old child begins to excrete copious amounts of pale urine with an attendant drop in blood pressure (BP). Based on these symptoms, what does the nurse suspect has developed?
- A. Diabetes insipidus
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, often triggered by head injury, causes copious urine output and can lead to dehydration and low BP.