Nokea
The nurse has admitted a new patient to the unit. One of the patients admitting orders is for an adrenergic medication. The nurse knows that this medication will have what effect on the circulatory system?
- A. Thin, watery saliva
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Decreased BP
- D. Constricted bronchioles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenergic medications stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and force. Thin saliva and decreased BP are parasympathetic effects, while bronchodilation, not constriction, occurs.
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The nurse is planning the care of a patient with Parkinsons disease. The nurse should be aware that treatment will focus on what pathophysiological phenomenon?
- A. Premature degradation of acetylcholine
- B. Decreased availability of dopamine
- C. Insufficient synthesis of epinephrine
- D. Delayed reuptake of serotonin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinsons disease results from reduced dopamine availability in the basal ganglia, impacting movement. Other neurotransmitters listed are not primarily involved.
A patient with lower back pain is scheduled for myelography using metrizamide (a water-soluble contrast dye). After the test, the nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Positioning the patient with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees
- B. Administering IV morphine sulfate to prevent headache
- C. Limiting fluids for the next 12 hours
- D. Helping the patient perform deep breathing and coughing exercises
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the head 30-45 degrees post-myelography prevents contrast dye irritation in the brain, reducing headache risk. Fluids are encouraged, morphine is not standard, and breathing exercises are unnecessary.
The neurologist is testing the function of a patients cerebellum and basal ganglia. What action will most accurately test these structures?
- A. Have the patient identify the location of a cotton swab on his or her skin with the eyes closed.
- B. Elicit the patients response to a hypothetical problem.
- C. Ask the patient to close his or her eyes and discern between hot and cold stimuli.
- D. Guide the patient through the performance of rapid, alternating movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid, alternating movements test cerebellar and basal ganglia coordination. Sensory tests assess peripheral nerves, and hypothetical problems evaluate cognition.
The patient in the ED has just had a diagnostic lumbar puncture. To reduce the incidence of a postlumbar puncture headache, what is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Position the patient prone.
- B. Position the patient supine with the head of bed flat.
- C. Position the patient left side-lying.
- D. Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prone positioning after lumbar puncture minimizes cerebrospinal fluid leakage, reducing headache risk. Supine or side-lying positions are less effective, and acetaminophen is not a preventive measure.
The nurse is conducting a focused neurologic assessment. When assessing the patients cranial nerve function, the nurse would include which of the following assessments?
- A. Assessment of hand grip
- B. Assessment of orientation to person, time, and place
- C. Assessment of arm drift
- D. Assessment of gag reflex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The gag reflex assesses cranial nerves IX and X. Hand grip and arm drift evaluate motor function, while orientation assesses mental status, not cranial nerves.