Nokea
The nurse has been teaching a client with congestive heart failure about proper nutrition. Which of these lunch selections indicates the client has learned about sodium restriction?
- A. Cheese sandwich with a glass of 2% milk
- B. Sliced turkey sandwich and canned pineapple
- C. Cheeseburger and baked potato
- D. Mushroom pizza and ice cream
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sliced turkey sandwich and canned pineapple. Sliced turkey sandwich is appropriate since it is not a highly processed food and canned fruits are low in sodium. All of the other choices contain one or more high-sodium foods.
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The new nurse is caring for the client with a VRE infection. Which statement to the client indicates the new nurse needs additional orientation when caring for clients with a VRE infection?
- A. "All hospital staff should be wearing gown and gloves when they enter your room."
- B. "Visitors should use soap and water for hand washing when entering and leaving your room."
- C. "You are in a private room because VRE is transmitted by direct and indirect contact."
- D. "VRE is a new strain of enterococci bacteria normally found in a person's GI tract."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Gowns are only needed if clothing contamination is likely, indicating a need for further training. B, C, D: These statements are correct.
As part of an infection-control policy, newly admitted clients are screened for possible undiagnosed or unsuspected infectious tuberculosis. Which questions should the nurse ask to accomplish this screening? Select all that apply.
- A. "Have you been exposed to someone with tuberculosis?"
- B. "What was the date of your last tuberculin skin test?"
- C. "Have you had a cough that lasted more than 3 weeks?"
- D. "Have you experienced blood in your urine or stools?"
- E. "Have you had a recent weight gain, fever, or night sweats?"
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: A: Exposure history is key for TB screening. B: Recent skin tests indicate prior screening. C: Prolonged cough is a TB symptom. D: Blood in urine/stools is unrelated. E: Weight loss, not gain, is associated with TB.
A client has had heart failure. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement prior to the initial administration of digoxin to this client?
- A. Assess the apical pulse, counting for a full 60 seconds
- B. Take a radial pulse, counting for a full 60 seconds
- C. Use the pulse reading from the electronic blood pressure device
- D. Check for a pulse deficit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assess the apical pulse, counting for a full 60 seconds. It is the nurse’s responsibility to take the client’s pulse before administering digoxin. The correct technique for taking an apical pulse is to use the stethoscope and listen for a full 60 seconds. Digoxin is held for a pulse below 60 beats per minute. A radial pulse, potentially less accurate, or blood pressure are not part of the initial assessment before administering an initial dose of digoxin.
The nurse is using contact precautions for the client with Clostridium difficile. While the nurse transfers the client from the bed to the commode, the client has loose stool that falls on the floor. After positioning the client on the commode, how should the nurse proceed to cleanse the floor?
- A. Wipe up the stool with toilet paper and then clean the area with soap and water
- B. Wipe up the stool with toilet paper and then clean the area with a 1:10 bleach-water solution
- C. Call housekeeping personnel to come clean the floor now with the unit's mop and bucket
- D. Wipe up the stool and apply the alcohol-based hand wash to cleanse the area of stool
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B: Bleach solution effectively kills C. difficile spores. A: Soap and water are insufficient. C: Housekeeping delays action and risks spread. D: Alcohol is ineffective against C. difficile.
The client is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of hepatitis. The nurse determines that which client statement would be consistent with hepatitis?
- A. "I've not been sleeping well; I've heartburn at night that wakes me."
- B. "Whenever I eat dairy products I have diarrhea for a few days."
- C. "Lately I've been short of breath when walking short distances."
- D. "I am a smoker, but lately I can't tolerate the taste of cigarettes."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D: Distaste for cigarettes reflects anorexia, a common hepatitis symptom. A: Heartburn suggests GERD. B: Diarrhea with dairy indicates lactose intolerance. C: Shortness of breath is unrelated to hepatitis.