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The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client on a low-sodium diet for the treatment of hypertension. Which statement by the client should indicate to the nurse that there is a need for further teaching?
- A. Frozen foods are usually lowest in sodium.
- B. This diet will help lower my blood pressure.
- C. This diet is not a replacement for my antihypertensive medications.
- D. The reason I need to lower my salt intake is to reduce fluid retention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-sodium diet is used as an adjunct to antihypertensive medications for the treatment of hypertension. Sodium retains fluid, which leads to hypertension as a result of increased fluid volume. Frozen foods use salt as a preservative, which increases their sodium content. Canned foods are extremely high in sodium. Fresh foods are best.
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A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reporting fatigue. The nurse educates the client on ways to conserve energy. Which statement indicates that the teaching was effective?
- A. Bathe before eating breakfast.
- B. Sit for as many activities as possible.
- C. Stand in the shower instead of taking a bath.
- D. Group all tasks to be performed early in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client is taught to conserve energy by sitting for as many activities as possible, including dressing, shaving, preparing food, and ironing. The client should also sit in a shower chair instead of standing while showering. The client needs to prioritize activities such as eating breakfast before bathing, and the client should intersperse each major activity with a period of rest.
The nurse is reviewing written medication instructions with a client who is prescribed colestipol hydrochloride. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. Vitamin C will help control unintended side effects.
- B. Vitamin B12 will help control unintended side effects.
- C. B-complex vitamins will help control unintended side effects.
- D. Fat-soluble vitamins will help control unintended side effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Colestipol hydrochloride, which is a bile-sequestering agent, is used to lower blood cholesterol levels. However, the bile salts (which are rich in cholesterol) interfere with the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, as well as folic acid. With ongoing therapy, the client is at risk for the deficiency of these vitamins and is counseled to take them as supplements.
A client is being treated for an atrial dysrhythmia with quinidine gluconate. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that the medication instructions about what to do if a dose is missed have been understood?
- A. I should call my primary health care provider.
- B. I should take the next prescribed dose as usual.
- C. I should take the dose as soon as I realize I've missed it.
- D. I take two doses of the medication at the next scheduled time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quinidine gluconate needs to be taken exactly as prescribed. Because of the action and effects of this medication, the client should be instructed to take the medication if remembered within 2 hours of the missed dose, or omit the dose and then resume the normal schedule. There is no need to call the doctor. It is not safe to take the dose whenever it is remembered or to take an extra dose.
Cholestyramine is prescribed, and the nurse provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should take this medication with meals.
- B. I need to mix the medication with juice or applesauce.
- C. I should increase my fluid intake while taking this medication.
- D. I should call my primary health care provider immediately if it causes constipation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Common side effects of cholestyramine include constipation, nausea, indigestion, and flatulence. Therefore, it is not necessary to contact the primary health care provider immediately if constipation occurs. Cholestyramine must be administered with food to be effective. This medication should not be taken dry, and it can be mixed in water, juice, carbonated beverages, applesauce, or soup. Increasing fluids will minimize the constipating effects of the medication.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis (TB). Which statement by the client indicates that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.
- A. All used dishes should be sterilized.
- B. My close contacts should be tested for TB.
- C. Soiled tissues should be disposed of properly.
- D. House isolation is required for at least 8 months.
- E. The mouth should always be covered when coughing.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, and the nurse must teach the client measures to prevent its spread. Any close contacts with the client must be tested and treated if the results of the screening test are positive. Because it is an airborne disease, the client must properly dispose of used tissues and needs to cover the mouth when coughing. There is no evidence to suggest that sterilizing dishes would break the chain of infection with pulmonary TB. It is not necessary for the client to isolate herself or himself to the house. Once the client is treated and results of three sputum cultures are negative, the client will not spread the infection.