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The nurse has just performed a sterile vaginal examination on her patient and reports the examination as 4 cm, 50%, –1. What does this represent?
- A. Effacement, station, and dilation
- B. Dilation, station, and fetal lie
- C. Dilation, effacement, and status of membranes
- D. Dilation, effacement, and station
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The examination reflects the dilation, effacement, and station of the cervix.
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While attending the delivery of a patient with GODM, the nurse notices the retraction of the fetal head onto the perineum. What is the nurse’s next best action?
- A. Apply fundal pressure
- B. Assist the woman to left lateral position
- C. Flex the mother to left lateral position
- D. Assist the woman to hands-and-knees position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The retraction of the fetal head onto the perineum during labor can be indicative of shoulder dystocia or other obstructive complications, requiring immediate action. The best response is to assist the mother into hands-and-knees position, which can relieve pressure on the perineum and help with fetal descent.
The nurse has just performed a sterile vaginal examination on her patient and reports the examination as 4 cm, 50%, –1. What does this represent?
- A. Effacement, station, and dilation
- B. Dilation, station, and fetal lie
- C. Dilation, effacement, and status of membranes
- D. Dilation, effacement, and station
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The examination reflects the dilation, effacement, and station of the cervix.
The onset of labor is multifactorial. These reasons include which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Increase in progesterone
- B. Increase in estrogen
- C. Increase in human chorionic gonadotropin
- D. Aging of placenta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increase in progesterone, estrogen, aging of placenta, and fetal hormones are the factors contributing to the onset of labor.
A 24-year-old G4 T1 A2 L1 presents to obstetric triage with complaints of contractions every 3 minutes, accompanied by bright red vaginal bleeding. The woman is 29 weeks gestation with a twin pregnancy. She has had three urinary tract infections during this pregnancy and is currently taking Microbid daily as prophylaxis. Her last baby was born via cesarean section for breech malpresentation. She denies any other significant medical history. What risk factors for placenta previa does this patient have? Select all that apply.
- A. Maternal age of 24
- B. Twin gestation
- C. Gestational age of 29 weeks
- D. Previous delivery by cesarean section
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's age, history of cesarean section, and twin gestation all contribute to an increased risk of placenta previa. The most significant risk factor here is the previous cesarean section, which can cause scarring and increase the likelihood of abnormal placental implantation.
A fetus is in the occiput anterior position. During the cardinal movement of extension, which events are occurring? Select all that apply.
- A. The fetal head lines up with the pelvic outlet.
- B. The occiput passes under the symphysis pubis.
- C. The fetal head is engaged.
- D. The head is delivered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During extension, the fetal head lines up with the pelvic outlet, and the occiput passes under the symphysis pubis.