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The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a new patient about the pathology of the patients health problem. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine release?
- A. Constriction of small venules
- B. Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
- C. Dilation of large blood vessels
- D. Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Histamine release can lead to bronchoconstriction, which narrows the airways and causes difficulty in breathing. This is a common symptom in allergic reactions like asthma. Constriction of small venules (Choice A) is not a typical consequence of histamine release. Dilation of large blood vessels (Choice C) is more associated with histamine's role in increasing vascular permeability. Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells (Choice D) is not directly related to histamine's effects on smooth muscle contraction.
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A patient has just been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease and the nurse is planning the patients subsequent care for the home setting. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse address when educating the patients family?
- A. Risk for infection
- B. Impaired spontaneous ventilation
- C. Unilateral neglect
- D. Risk for injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for injury. Patients with Parkinson's disease are at risk for falls due to symptoms like tremors and impaired balance. Educating the family about fall prevention measures is crucial. Choice A, Risk for infection, is not directly related to Parkinson's disease. Choice B, Impaired spontaneous ventilation, is not a common concern in Parkinson's disease. Choice C, Unilateral neglect, is more commonly seen in conditions like stroke, not Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the patient with Parkinson's disease is addressing the risk for injury to prevent falls.
A nurse is teaching patients about health care information. Which patient will the nurse assess closely for health literacy?
- A. A patient 35 years old
- B. A patient 68 years old
- C. A patient with a college degree
- D. A patient with a high-school diploma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because patients with lower health literacy, such as those with a high-school diploma, may struggle to understand complex health information. The nurse should assess this patient closely to ensure they comprehend and can follow instructions. Patients with higher education levels (college degree) may have better health literacy skills. Age alone (35 or 68 years old) does not determine health literacy level. It is essential to focus on the patient's educational background to assess their health literacy effectively.
A patient has presented for her annual mammogram. The patient voices concerns related to exposure to radiation. What should the nurse teach the patient about a mammogram?
- A. It does not use radiation.
- B. Radiation levels are safe as long as mammograms are performed only once per year.
- C. The negative effects of radiation do not accumulate until late in life.
- D. Radiation from a mammogram is equivalent to an hour of sunlight.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Mammograms use low-dose X-rays to create images of the breast tissue.
Step 2: The radiation exposure in a mammogram is minimal and considered safe.
Step 3: Choice A is correct as it states that mammograms do not use radiation, which is accurate.
Step 4: Other choices are incorrect because B wrongly implies that annual mammograms are safe due to low radiation levels, C is incorrect as radiation effects can accumulate over time, and D is incorrect as the amount of radiation in a mammogram is much lower than an hour of sunlight.
A patient has been diagnosed with erectile dysfunction; the cause has been determined to be psychogenic. The patients interdisciplinary plan of care should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Penile implant
- B. PDE-5 inhibitors
- C. Physical therapy
- D. Psychotherapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychotherapy. In the case of psychogenic erectile dysfunction, the underlying cause is psychological rather than physical. Psychotherapy helps address the mental health factors contributing to the condition, such as anxiety or relationship issues. It can help the patient understand and manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors related to the dysfunction. Penile implant (A) and PDE-5 inhibitors (B) are more appropriate for physical causes of erectile dysfunction. Physical therapy (C) focuses on musculoskeletal conditions and would not be effective for psychogenic causes.
A patient has been prescribed sildenafil. What should the nurse teach the patient about this medication?
- A. Sexual stimulation is not needed to obtain an erection.
- B. The drug should be taken 1 hour prior to intercourse.
- C. Facial flushing or headache should be reported to the physician immediately.
- D. The drug has the potential to cause permanent visual changes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sildenafil works by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide, which is released during sexual stimulation to relax the muscles in the penis and increase blood flow for an erection. Therefore, sexual stimulation is necessary for the medication to be effective.
Explanation of other choices:
B: While sildenafil is typically taken 30 minutes to 4 hours before sexual activity, it does not need to be exactly 1 hour prior.
C: Facial flushing and headache are common side effects of sildenafil but do not require immediate reporting unless severe or persistent.
D: Sildenafil may cause temporary visual disturbances like changes in color vision, but permanent visual changes are rare.