Nokea
The nurse in the practice of her profession is guided by ________.
- A. code of ethics
- B. local government code
- C. standards of care
- D. Nursing processs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse in the practice of her profession is guided by a code of ethics, which outlines the moral duties and professional responsibilities of nurses. The code of ethics provides a framework for ethical decision-making and sets standards for professional behavior within the nursing profession. Nurses are expected to adhere to the principles of the code of ethics in order to promote the well-being and safety of their patients, maintain professional integrity, and uphold the values of nursing practice.
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When determining the existence of malpractice, which factor is NOT considered?
- A. Injury
- B. Causation
- C. Duty
- D. Intent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When determining the existence of malpractice, intent is not considered as a factor. Malpractice typically involves unintentional actions or negligence rather than a deliberate intent to cause harm. The key factors that are usually considered in a malpractice case include duty (a legal obligation to provide a certain standard of care), causation (the link between the provider's actions and the patient's injury), and the existence of an injury resulting from the provider's actions or omissions. Intent does not play a direct role in malpractice cases, as they are focused on the standard of care provided by the healthcare professional and the harm caused as a result.
Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of pregnancy test?
- A. It allows for counseling on nutrition.
- B. It may help in a decision to stop working at home.
- C. It enables the husband to follow the desires of the wife.
- D. It allows for early initiation of care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purpose of a pregnancy test is to confirm whether a woman is pregnant or not. Once pregnancy is confirmed, it is crucial for the individual to begin prenatal care as early as possible to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Early initiation of care can help monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus, detect any potential issues or complications early on, and provide necessary interventions or treatments. Therefore, the main objective of a pregnancy test is to enable early initiation of care for the pregnant individual.
A pregnant woman presents with vaginal bleeding and crampy abdominal pain at 22 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is dilated, and the amniotic sac is visible at the cervical os. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Incompetent cervix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incompetent cervix, also known as cervical insufficiency, is the most likely cause of the symptoms described. Incompetent cervix is a condition where the cervix begins to dilate and efface prematurely, typically in the second trimester, without contractions or labor. This can lead to painless cervical dilation and bulging of the amniotic sac into the vagina, which can cause vaginal bleeding and crampy abdominal pain. It is a leading cause of second-trimester pregnancy loss. Treatment may involve a cervical cerclage, a surgical procedure where the cervix is stitched closed to provide additional support.
Attention deficit, Hyperactivity, disorder (ADHD) is characterized by NOT one of the following?
- A. Mental retardation
- B. Inattentiveness
- C. Over activity
- D. Impulsiveness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention, completing tasks, sitting still, or controlling their impulses. Mental retardation (now referred to as intellectual disability) is a separate condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. While individuals with ADHD may experience difficulties in school or work due to their symptoms, ADHD itself does not indicate mental retardation.
What is the primary purpose of a cervical collar in the management of trauma patients?
- A. Maintaining spinal alignment.
- B. Immobilizing the cervical spine.
- C. Providing comfort and support.
- D. Facilitating airway management.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary purpose of a cervical collar in the management of trauma patients is to immobilize the cervical spine. This is crucial in cases of suspected cervical spine injury to prevent any further damage and to maintain spinal stability. By providing support and restricting movement in the cervical spine region, a cervical collar helps prevent potential spinal cord injuries and associated neurological deficits. It is essential to immobilize the cervical spine until a thorough evaluation can be carried out to determine the extent of injury, as any movement of the spine during this period can worsen the damage.