Nokea
The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with oral candidiasis (thrush) about caring for the disorder. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
- A. I can eat foods that are liquid or pureed.
- B. I should eliminate spicy foods from my diet.
- C. It's best if I don't drink citrus juices or hot liquids.
- D. I need to rinse my mouth four times daily with commercial mouthwash.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients with thrush cannot tolerate commercial mouthwashes because the high alcohol concentration in these products can cause pain and discomfort of the lesions. A solution of warm water or mouthwash formulas without alcohol are better tolerated and may promote healing. A change in diet to liquid or pureed food often eases the discomfort of eating. The client should avoid spicy foods, citrus juices, and hot liquids.
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The nurse provides instructions to a client about applying a nitroglycerin patch. What statement indicates that the client is using correct technique?
- A. A second patch will be applied if chest pain occurs.
- B. I will apply the patch to a nonhairy area of the body.
- C. I will remove the patch when bathing and reapply it after the bath.
- D. I will remove the patch after gently rubbing the area to activate the medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical nitroglycerin is applied to a nonhairy part of the body. It is used on a scheduled basis and is not prescribed specifically for the occurrence of chest pain. The ointment is not rubbed into the skin; it is reapplied only as directed.
The nurse is educating the client on how to save lives and prevent burn injuries, in the event of a fire in the home. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. I should lace escape ladders in the bedrooms.
- B. I should install a whole-house sprinkler system.
- C. I should keep fresh batteries in smoke detectors.
- D. I should mount fire extinguishers in several areas.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The early detection of smoke using a smoke detector and immediate evacuation from the house have significant and positive effects on mortality rates. This is because the smoke alarm activates before the appearance of open flames, which gives people in the house a chance to evacuate without burn injuries. Option 1 helps people in the house escape from second-story rooms safely, but it does not alert the people to the fire before flames are evident, thus exposing them to the risk of burn injury. Installing a sprinkler system is very expensive, and this is usually not done in private residences. Fire extinguishers are a good idea to have in the kitchen and other areas for small fires, but they are not designed to extinguish large fires.
During a health assessment the nurse provides instructions to a client regarding the testicular self-examination (TSE). Which statement by the client indicates that the client needs further teaching regarding TSE?
- A. I know to report any small lumps.
- B. I should examine myself every 2 months.
- C. I should examine myself after I take a warm shower.
- D. I know it's normal to feel something that is cord-like in the back.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSE should be performed every month. Small lumps or abnormalities should be reported. The spermatic cord finding is normal. After a warm bath or shower, the scrotum is relaxed, which makes it easier to perform TSE.
The nurse performs an initial assessment on a pregnant client and determines that the client is at risk for toxoplasmosis. The nurse provides education to the client on how to prevent the disease. Which statement by the client indicates that teaching has been effective?
- A. It's alright to eat raw meats.
- B. I should wash hands only before meals.
- C. I should avoid exposure to litter boxes used by my cat.
- D. I should use topical corticosteroid treatments prophylactically.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infected house cats transmit toxoplasmosis through the feces. Handling litter boxes can transmit the disease to the pregnant client. Meats that are undercooked can harbor microorganisms that can cause infection. Hands should be washed frequently throughout the day. The use of topical corticosteroids will not prevent exposure to the disease.
The home care nurse provides instructions about the management of pruritus to a client diagnosed with jaundice. Which statement made by the client suggests to the nurse that the client needs further teaching?
- A. I need to wear loose cotton clothing.
- B. A tepid water bath should help stop the itching.
- C. Keeping the house warmer is likely to lessen the itching
- D. I need to take the prescribed antihistamines as I'm supposed to.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pruritus is caused by the accumulation of bile salts in the skin and results from obstructed biliary excretion. The client would be instructed to keep the house temperature cool in order to minimize the itching. The client should avoid the use of alkaline soap, and he or she (client) should wear loose, soft, cotton clothing. Antihistamines may relieve the itching, as will tepid water and emollient baths.