Nokea
The nurse instructs a client who is diagnosed with hypertension about weight reduction and dietary guidelines. Which action by the nurse would most likely improve the client's willingness to lose weight and eat healthy foods?
- A. Avoid interacting with the client during meals to prevent embarrassment.
- B. Ignore the client's requests for foods that are high in fat or calories.
- C. Give genuine praise to the client for trying to improve dietary habits.
- D. Warn the client that individuals who are overweight will be treated differently.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because giving genuine praise to the client for trying to improve dietary habits can positively reinforce their efforts and motivation to continue making healthy choices. This positive reinforcement can help the client feel supported and encouraged in their weight reduction and dietary goals.
Choice A is incorrect because avoiding interaction during meals may make the client feel isolated and unsupported. Choice B is incorrect because ignoring the client's requests for high-fat or high-calorie foods may lead to feelings of deprivation and resistance to dietary changes. Choice D is incorrect because warning the client about potential negative consequences of being overweight can induce fear and may not be effective in promoting long-term behavior change.
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The nursing student tearfully reports to the leader, "I took some flowers into Mr. N's (non- Hodgkin lymphoma) room to cheer him up, and he told me that he didn't think he was supposed to have flowers. I took them out of the room right away, and then I realized I had made a mistake." What should the team leader do first?
- A. Direct the student to read the isolation precautions before entering the room.
- B. Call the nursing instructor and report the student for making an error.
- C. Acknowledge and praise the student for taking responsibility for the mistake.
- D. Write an incident report and have the student and instructor sign it.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is important to acknowledge and praise the student for taking responsibility for the mistake. By doing this, the team leader can encourage a culture of accountability and learning from errors. This approach supports the student's professional growth and self-awareness.
Option A is incorrect because the immediate focus should be on addressing the emotional response of the student and providing support rather than assigning blame. Option B is inappropriate as it could undermine the student's confidence and discourage future initiative. Option D is premature as it prioritizes paperwork over supporting the student's learning and emotional well-being.
Ms. G (breast lumpectomy) continues to be anxious and tearful, and she says that she has changed her mind about the surgery, saying, "I'm going to go home. I just can't deal with everything that is going on right now. I need some time to think about things." What is the best response?
- A. "It's okay to change your mind. You have the right to make your own decisions."
- B. "Please reconsider. This surgery is very important, and your health is the priority."
- C. "Would you like me to call your HCP, so you can discuss your concerns?"
- D. "I see you are very concerned. What things are you dealing with and thinking about?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it acknowledges Ms. G's autonomy and respects her right to make decisions about her own body. By validating her feelings and choices, it helps build trust and rapport. Choice B is incorrect as it disregards Ms. G's emotional state and can come off as dismissive. Choice C assumes Ms. G needs immediate medical intervention without exploring her concerns further. Choice D, although showing empathy, does not directly address Ms. G's decision to change her mind about the surgery.
While interviewing a Native American man for the admission history, the nurse should expect to:
- A. wait patiently through long pauses in the conversation.
- B. maintain eye contact with the patient.
- C. give the patient permission to speak.
- D. have another family member speak for the patient. Native Americans use long pauses in their conversation to better consider their answer and consider the question. The culturally sensitive nurse would wait quietly through the pauses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it acknowledges the cultural communication norms of Native American individuals, who may take longer pauses during conversations to reflect and respond thoughtfully. By waiting patiently through these pauses, the nurse shows respect for the individual's communication style and allows for effective dialogue.
Option B is incorrect because maintaining constant eye contact may be perceived as confrontational or disrespectful in some Native American cultures. Option C is incorrect as it assumes the patient needs permission to speak, which may not align with their cultural norms. Option D is incorrect as it undermines the individual's autonomy and may not accurately represent their perspective.
The nurse observes a student nurse who demonstrates nonverbal expressions that are cold and convey disinterest when caring for patients. Which statement, if made by the nurse, is best?
- A. "Patients will complain about you because your behaviors are unprofessional."
- B. "Have you noticed that your patients do not like you very much?"
- C. "For the next few shifts, closely observe how I display warmth to patients."
- D. "You need to change your behavior when interacting with your patients."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This response provides constructive feedback by suggesting a specific action for improvement. Here's a step-by-step rationale:
1. Option A is incorrect because it is negative and does not offer guidance for improvement.
2. Option B is incorrect because it is judgmental and may be discouraging to the student nurse.
3. Option D is incorrect because it is vague and lacks specificity on how to change behavior.
4. Option C is the best choice as it offers a positive solution by providing guidance on how to improve through observation and learning from the nurse's warmth towards patients.
When communicating with an adolescent, the nurse should be very sensitive to avoid:
- A. asking embarrassing questions.
- B. offering advice.
- C. interrupting frequently.
- D. using active listening. An adolescent needs time to talk. The nurse should use active listening, avoid interrupting, and show acceptance. The nurse should try not to give advice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering advice can come off as dismissive to adolescents who value autonomy and independence. Adolescents prefer to feel heard and understood rather than being told what to do. Providing unsolicited advice can hinder trust and communication. Asking embarrassing questions (A) can be inappropriate but can still be necessary for assessment. Interrupting frequently (C) disrupts the flow of communication. Using active listening (D) is important but does not directly relate to avoiding sensitive topics with adolescents.