Nokea
The nurse instructs a client with asthma to always carry a rescue inhaler or quick-relief medication with him at all times. Which of the following would the client most likely carry? Select all that apply.
- A. Salmeterol (Serevent)
- B. Metaproterenol (Alupent)
- C. Tiotropium (Spiriva)
- D. Albuterol (Proventil)
- E. Formoterol (Foradil)
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) such as metaproterenol and albuterol are used as rescue treatment for asthma. Salmeterol and formoterol are long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). Tiotropium is a cholinergic blocking drug used to treat bronchospasm associated with COPD.
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A nurse is developing a teaching plan about measures to reduce the risk of infection with Candida albicans from antiasthma therapy. The nurse includes this information because the client is prescribed which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Albuterol (Ventolin)
- B. Cromolyn (Gastrocrom)
- C. Fluticasone (Flovent)
- D. Tiotropium (Spiriva)
- E. Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Mast cell aerosols such as cromolyn and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) such as fluticasone and budesonide/formoterol have been associated with the development of oral thrush. Therefore, the client needs instructions on how to reduce his risk. Albuterol, a short-acting beta-2 agonist, and tiotropium, a cholinergic blocker, are not associated with the development of thrush.
The nurse is reviewing the history of a client who is prescribed a long-acting beta-2 agonist. Which of the following would alert the nurse to the need to administer this drug cautiously to the client? Select all that apply.
- A. Hyperlipidemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Glaucoma
- D. Hyperthyroidism
- E. Diabetes
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Long-acting beta-2 agonists should be used cautiously in clients with hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes, prostatic hypertrophy, and history of seizures.
A client with exercise-induced bronchospasm calls the physician's office to obtain a refill for his breathing medication. The client would most likely be prescribed which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Beclomethasone (Qvar)
- B. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
- C. Theophylline (Theo-Dur)
- D. Mometasone (Asmanex)
- E. Bitolterol (Tomalate)
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Beta-2 agonists, such as levalbuterol and bitolterol, are used to treat exercise-induced bronchospasm. Beclomethasone and mometasone are inhaled corticosteroids. Theophylline is a xanthine derivative.
A client with asthma has been prescribed an antiasthmatic drug. Before administering the drug, the nurse assesses the respiratory rate of the client. The nurse notifies the primary health care provider based on which finding?
- A. 10 breaths/min
- B. 14 breaths/min
- C. 18 breaths/min
- D. 22 breaths/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should consider 10 breaths/min an abnormal respiratory rate and notify the primary health care provider. Respiratory rates below 12 breaths/min or above 24 breaths/min are considered abnormal. A respiratory rate between 12 breaths/min and 24 breaths/min is considered normal.
After teaching a group of nursing students about xanthine derivatives, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Xanthine derivatives cause flushing.
- B. The action of xanthine derivatives leads to bradycardia.
- C. Xanthine derivatives cause a reduction in airway inflammation.
- D. Xanthine derivatives cause hypoglycemia.
- E. Xanthine derivatives stimulate the CNS to promote bronchodilation.
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Xanthine derivatives can cause flushing, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia. Xanthine derivatives elicit their effects by stimulating the CNS to promote bronchodilation.