Nokea
The nurse is administering haloperidol (Haldol) to a client experiencing delusions and hallucinations associated with schizophrenia. The nurse can expect symptom abatement as a result of the drug's action to:
- A. Reduce the number of brain cells that crave dopamine
- B. Block dopamine receptors, making dopamine less available
- C. Enhance dopamine receptors, making more dopamine available
- D. Cause increased cellular production of dopamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic that works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. By blocking these receptors, haloperidol reduces the effects of excess dopamine, which is known to contribute to symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations. This action helps alleviate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Choice A is incorrect because haloperidol does not reduce the number of brain cells that crave dopamine; it acts on the receptors themselves. Choice C is incorrect because enhancing dopamine receptors would lead to an increase in the effects of dopamine, worsening symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because haloperidol does not cause increased cellular production of dopamine; it blocks dopamine receptors instead.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 91-year-old female client with dementia is being seen by the home health nurse. Both she and her husband, who is 92 years old, were very active until her dementia became debilitating. Since that time, the client does not recognize her husband or children, forgets how to eat and dress, and wanders about the house day and night. Her husband wants to keep her at home to care for her, but the nurse notices that he is increasingly tired with each visit. What is the nurse's priority intervention for the nursing diagnosis of caregiver role strain?
- A. Discuss strategies to coordinate care and other responsibilities
- B. Encourage involvement in support groups
- C. Identify resources to include financial, legal, and respite care
- D. Stress the importance of self-nurturing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discuss strategies to coordinate care and other responsibilities. The priority intervention for caregiver role strain is to help the husband effectively manage caring for his wife with dementia. By discussing strategies to coordinate care and other responsibilities, the nurse can assist the husband in creating a plan to ensure the client's needs are met while also addressing his own well-being. This intervention will help alleviate the husband's increasing tiredness and provide support in managing the caregiving responsibilities.
Summary of other choices:
B: Encourage involvement in support groups - While support groups can be beneficial, the immediate priority is to address the husband's caregiving responsibilities.
C: Identify resources to include financial, legal, and respite care - While important, these resources may not directly address the husband's current strain in caring for his wife.
D: Stress the importance of self-nurturing - While self-care is important, the immediate focus should be on assisting the husband in managing his caregiving responsibilities.
A young patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is standing naked after showering and appears to be both dazed and indecisive. The nursing intervention that will be most helpful to promote dressing would be:
- A. saying, 'These are your clothes. Please get dressed.'
- B. saying, 'These are your underpants. I'll help you put them on.'
- C. asking, 'Which of these two outfits would you like to wear now?'
- D. asking, 'Is something the matter with your clothes that makes you not want to dress?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. By saying, "These are your underpants. I'll help you put them on," the nurse provides clear guidance and offers assistance, which can help the patient feel more comfortable and supported in the dressing process. This approach acknowledges the patient's need for help while respecting their autonomy.
Choice A is too directive and may make the patient feel pressured or overwhelmed. Choice C involves too many options, which can be confusing for a patient experiencing indecisiveness. Choice D assumes a problem with the clothes rather than focusing on the patient's needs and feelings. Overall, choice B is the most appropriate and supportive intervention in this situation.
A 35-year-old woman who is being interviewed by the advanced practice nurse indicates that she has few friends, fears criticism from others, and withholds information about her thoughts and feelings because she anticipates a negative reaction. Based on these data, the nurse suspects that Sarah may later be diagnosed as having:
- A. Borderline personality disorder
- B. Histrionic personality disorder
- C. Avoidant personality disorder
- D. Schizoid personality disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoidant personality disorder. This is because the woman's fear of criticism, avoidance of sharing thoughts/feelings, and limited social circle are indicative of social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy, which are key features of avoidant personality disorder.
A: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions, as well as impulsivity and fear of abandonment.
B: Histrionic personality disorder involves attention-seeking behavior, emotions that are shallow and rapidly shifting, and the need to be the center of attention.
D: Schizoid personality disorder is marked by social detachment, limited emotional expression, and preference for solitary activities.
A patient has not come out of her room for breakfast. The nurse finds the patient moving restlessly about her room in a disorganized manner. The patient is talking to herself, and her verbal responses to the nurse are nonsensical and suggest disorientation. The nurse notices that the patient's skin is hot and dry, and her pupils are somewhat dilated. All these symptoms are significant departures from the patient's recent presentation. The patient is likely experiencing ______, and the nurse should ______.
- A. anticholinergic toxicity"¦check vital signs and prepare to use a cooling blanket stat
- B. relapse of her psychosis"¦administer PRN antipsychotic drugs and notify her physician
- C. neuroleptic malignant syndrome"¦contact her physician for a transfer to intensive care
- D. agranulocytosis"¦hold her antipsychotic and draw blood for a complete blood count
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: anticholinergic toxicity. The patient's symptoms align with this diagnosis due to the disorganized behavior, nonsensical speech, disorientation, hot and dry skin, dilated pupils, and recent presentation changes. Anticholinergic toxicity can cause confusion, delirium, hyperthermia, and dilated pupils. Checking vital signs and preparing to use a cooling blanket are appropriate actions to manage the symptoms.
Choice B (relapse of psychosis) is incorrect because the symptoms are not typical of a psychotic relapse. Choice C (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) is incorrect as the symptoms do not completely align with this syndrome, which typically includes muscle rigidity and autonomic dysfunction. Choice D (agranulocytosis) is incorrect because it presents with low white blood cell count and not the symptoms described in the scenario.
A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after experiencing an event in which the most recent episodes of violence were related to feeling 'upset' over a job loss. What type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser?
- A. Voluntary individual or group therapy
- B. Court-ordered individual or group therapy
- C. Voluntary couples or family therapy
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Voluntary individual or group therapy. This type of therapy would be most helpful as it focuses on addressing the abuser's personal issues and behaviors, such as managing frustration and anger. By participating voluntarily, the abuser is more likely to be open to introspection and change.
Summary of other choices:
B: Court-ordered therapy may not be as effective as voluntary therapy, as the abuser may feel forced and less motivated to engage in the process.
C: Couples or family therapy may not be appropriate initially as the abuser needs to work on personal issues first before addressing relationship dynamics.
D: None of the above is incorrect as voluntary individual or group therapy is the most suitable option for addressing the abuser's behavior.